click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Traits | physical characteristics like eye or hair color |
Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
Genetics | Scientific study of Heredity |
homozygous | organism that has the same 2 alleles for a trait; always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parents (purebred) (GG or gg) |
Gene | factors that control traits (a portion of DNA) |
Allele | Different forms of a gene (ex. one for short and for tall) |
Dominate allele | one who's trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present ( represent with upper case letter) |
Recessive allele | One whose trait is masked or covered up when the dominate allele is present(lower case) |
heterozygous | An organism that has 2 different alleles for trait ; hybrid(Gg) |
probability | Chance that trait will show |
Punnett Square | Chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
Phenotype | physical appearance or visible trait that you can see in the person |
Genotype | organism's genetic makeup or allele combination, this you can't see( Gg) |
Gregor Mendel | Father of genetics |
DNA | -deoxyribonucleic acid- -a chemical molecule that carries all of the cell’s instructions. Code for life. |
Double helix | Shape of DNA -looks like a twisted ladder |
incomplete dominance | Neither trait is completely dominant, blending of traits. |
co dominance | both traits are seen in offspring ,example white flower x red flower produces a red and white spotted flower. |
co dominance | Both of the traits are dominant |
incomplete dominance | Blending of traits; red flower crossed with white flower produces pink flowers. |
Phenotype | physical appearance or visible trait that you can see expressed in the offspring(tall or short) |
Genotype | organism's genetic makeup or allele combination, this you can't see( TT ot Tt or tt) |
Selective breeding | a process humans use to breed or reinforce desired traits into a particular organism. |
Breeding 2 poodles to get another poodle | selective breeding |
breeding to a corn plant with large kernels and one with sweet kernels to get a large, sweet kerneled plant | selective breeding |
genetic engineering | the manipulation(changing) of an organism’s genes. |
genome | the comlpete set of genes(DNA) in an organism |
genetically modified organisms (GMO) | using technology to add, or modify genes directly in the genome of living things. |
GMO | example---Adding a gene for disease resistance from one plant in to the DNA of a plant that is not resistant to get a disease resistant form. |
GMO | example-- adding the gene for human milk into the DNA of a cow so that the cow makes human milk. |
Genetic engineering | example.. inserting the gene that makes human insulin into a bacteria cell so that the bacteria make human insulin for diabetics |
Biomedical research | techniques to advance medical science and improve human lives. |
biomedical research | example-study the human genome to try to find cures for genetic deseases. |
Mutation | any change in the genes(DNA) of an organism. |
body cell mutations | can cause cancer and contributes to aging |
sex cell mutations | can result in genetic disorders |
body cell mutations | only affect the oragnism with the mutation |
sex cell mutations | affect the offspring of the organism with the mutation |
sex chromosomes | the 23rd pair of chromosomes |
sex chromosomes | XX is female |
sex chromosomes | XY is male |
polygenic traits | Traits controlled by 2 or more genes |
multiple alleles | There are 3 or more alleles (forms) of the trait or gene. |