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bio110
bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Materialism is... | A philosophy stating that life can be explained in terms of chemistry and physics |
| the production of a sufficient diversity and quantity of organic chemicals that can coalesce to form life under early earth conditions: | requires enormous amounts of energy, results in tiny yields, is statistically highly improbably, is possible, E-ALL OF THE ABOVE! |
| using x rays, walter cannon notices that ______________ in enraged cats | the stomach stopped churning |
| william beaumont noticed that alexis st martin's stomach------ in response to fear or rage | became pale |
| the villi and microvilli are structural features that | maximize surface to volume ratio |
| multicellular organisms need a circulatory system if | the cells are too far from a source of oxygen, if the cells are too far from a source of food, if the cells are too far from a place where waster can be excreted, they have a fast metabolism, E ALL OF THE ABOVE! |
| A sugar molecule takes the following path after it passes from the small intestine | hepatic portal vein, liver, vena cava |
| the epithelial cells that line our trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles contain ---- that push the dust, pollen, and other contaminants out of the throat | cilia |
| the hypoxic conditions that exist on mountain tops stimulate the production of | erythropoietin |
| the fact that both ADH and aldosterone both increase the ability of the body to retain fluids is an example of | functional redundancy |
| sweating | cools the body |
| vasoconstriction of the blood vessels near the surface of the skin | diverts heat to the core of the body to keep it warm enough |
| the heart rate is sped up by the ---- nervous system and slowed down by the --- nervous system | sympathetic, parasympathetic |
| ----- is the hormone that stimulates the breakdown of skeletal muscles into glucose which can be used for energy | cortisol |
| sweating cools the body because | the physical conversion of liquid sweat to sweat vapor requires heat |
| the maillard reaction is | ALL BUT B: the non enzymatic addition of sugars to amine groups, responsible for the color and aroma of sauteed onions, responsible for the color of toast |
| rigor mortis results from | lack of ATP |
| fast twitch muscles rely on --- respiration for energy while slow twitch muscles rely on --- respiration | anaerobie, aerobic |
| raising hte body while standing on tiptoes is an example of a | second class lever |
| the head is an example of a | first class lever |
| the forearm is an example of a | third class lever |
| the release of hte secondary oocyte from the follicle is known as | ovulation |
| pregnancy tests measure hte level of ---- in the urine | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| ---- is a hormone involved with human bonding | oxytocin |
| the level of ---- in the blood is correlated with nurturing behaviors | oxytocin |
| ----- induces the let down response in the mammary glands | oxytocin |
| ---- is used to induce labor | oxytocin |
| differentiating males and females based on their external genitalia is a classification system based on | phenotypic sex |
| differentiating males and females based on the presence of testes or ovaries is a classification system based on | gonadal sex |
| differentiating males and females based on the presence of XX or XY chromosomes is a classification system based on | chromosomal sex |
| differentiating males and females based on the abundance of androgens or estrogens is a classification system based on | metabolic sex |
| classifying males and females according to whether they have the sry gene is a classification system based on | genetic sex |
| the --- differentiates into the vas deferns | wolffian ducts |
| the mullerian ducts degenerate in respose to | mullerian inhibiting factor |
| the wolffian ducts do not deteriorate when exposed to | testosterone |
| the undifferentiated phallus becomes a --- in males and a --- in females | penis, clitoris |
| because of transcription, the gene for --- is transcribed in cells of the salivary gland, the gene for --- is transcribed in the chief cells | amylase, pepsinogen |
| when the majority of the bonds in a molecule are formed by atoms that equally share their electrons, the molecule will be | isotonic |
| --- molecules will be soluble in water and --- molecules will be soluble in oil | hydrophilic, hydrophobic |
| --- molecules will be soluble in water and --- molecules will be soluble in oil | polar, nonpolar |
| the bleeding gums associated with scurvy occur since vitamin --- is necessary for the post-translational modification of proline to hydroxyproline in collagen | c |
| what is the advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin? | human insulin is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction than cow or pig insulin |
| the fact that digestion, circulation, the produciton of human hormoones and disease are not results of a vital or supernatural force, as was once though, but are effected through physico-chemical mechanisms supports the philosophy of | materialism |
| the --- made by the immune system in response to an HIV infection are too weak to fight the HIV infection | antibodies |
| the --- of the taste cell contains the taste receptors | microvilli |
| the ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens, which allows the eye to | accomodate |
| carl vogt summarized his thoughts, "to express myself a bit crudely here, thoughts stand in the same relation to the brain as gall does to the liver or urine to the kidnes" vogt is a | monist |
| language skills are normally localized in the | left side of the brain |
| proprioception is normally localized in teh | right side of the brain |
| by noticing the pattern of his wife's epileptic seizures, John Hughlings Jackson guessed that | the brain must be organized into different regions that control the motor activies |
| wilder penfield found that --- when he electrically stimulated various regions of hte brain and people could hear music | brain was the material basis of memory |
| according to richard geymann the greatest value of science is the freedom to | doubt |
| an --- of an electricall excitable cell liek a post-synaptic neuron promotes an action potential and an --- of the same cell inhibits an action potential | depolarization, hyperpolarization |
| during an action potential along an axon in a human the depolarization of the membrane intially causes | activation of sodium channels |
| an action potential moves down a myelinated neuron with a velocity of about | 150 m/s |
| --- is an autoimmune disease that destroys the myelin sheath of nerves | multiple sclerosis |
| tetrodotoxin is an inhibitor of | a sodium channel |
| tetrodotoxin, the neurotoxin that blocks sodium channels is isolated from | the puffer fish used to make (fugu) sashimi |
| if it bcomes possible to electrically stimulate the brian with a number of electrodes in sto create an original thought, then the mind would certainly be an emergent property of the brain and major tenets of - are true and - are false | monism, dualism |
| according to einstein's random walk equation, the time it takes for a chemical to diffuse across a synapse is | proportional to the square of the distance |
| some anti depressants work by | increasing the concentration of monoamines in the synapse |
| the article entitled, bedlam 1946, which appeared in life magazine compared mental institutions to | concentration camps |
| in the movie a beautiful mind, john nash --- antipsychotic drugs while in real life he -- antipsychotic drugs | continued taking, stopped taking |
| --- causes a degeneration of the neurons of the hippocampus that are involved in memory | cortisol |
| anandamide is a naturally occuring chemical in teh brain that is the analog of tetrahydrocannabinol found in | marijuana |
| edward jenner found a preventative treatment for small pox whihc entailed | rubbing pus infected with cow pox of a healthy person |
| iilya mechnikov first noticed phagocytes when he | inserted a splinter in the larva of a starfish |
| ---causes capillaries to become leaky so that they lymphocytes can enter the interstitial fluid surrounding the wound | histamine |
| --- are attacked by the AIDS virus which drastically impairs the body's ability to fight infections | helper t cells |
| the sudden and drastic reduction in blood pressure in response to an allergen is known as | anaphylactic shock |
| the --- are plasma membrane proteins on all cells that signify self | major histocompatibility complex |
| due to the public response to ignaz semmelweis' cure for childbed fever he | checked himself into a psychiatric hospitcal and died two weeks later of an infection |
| which of the following is not one of koch's postulates | the bacterial gene must be sequenced |
| since the discovery and use of antibiotics, people in developed countries typically do not die from infectious disease. instead they die from | stress related diseases |
| colon cancer can result from a mutation in | proto-oncogene |
| in chronic myelogenous leukemia it is the --- of the gene, not the --- of the gene that determines whether or not a person gets cancer | position, sequence |
| salicylic acid is made from the bark of a | willow |
| chloroquine is a synthetic analog of | quinine |
| all of the essential amino acids can be obtained by eating | grains and legumes |
| british doctors would put coffee gounds in an electuary and insert them in the stomach with a provang in order to | induce vomiting |
| in the 1600s, coffee houses in england were known as | penny universities |
| --- gives rise to the color and aromas of coffee | the maillard reaction |
| nerve growth factor (ngf) is found in large quantities in | snake venom |
| lab mice do not have to worry about rejecting foreign mouse stem cells because | all lab mice are geneticall very similar |
| therapeutic cloning is when | a nucleus is put in an activated enucleated oocyte and the inner cell mass is isolated and cultured |
| human cloning would be like in vitro except a diploid --- would be transplanted into an activated enucleated oocyte instead of a --- being injected in a nucleated oocyte | somatic nuclues, sperm |
| advocates of human cloning suggest it can be used for | legitimate treatement for infertility, the benefit to mankind by exploding the knowledge of medicine and biology, turn the age of the 65 back to 25, replace a loved one who has died, E ALL OF THE ABOVE! |
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abigailapistolas
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