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Science Exam 7 Terms

Science Exam 7

TermDefinition
Lithosphere the outermost, rigid layer of the Earth composed of the stiff upper layer of the mantle and the crust
Tectonics the study of the movement and changes in the rocks that make up the Earth's crust
Fault a break in the Earth's crust along which rocks move
Shearing Stress the stress produced by two tectonic plates sliding past each other horizontally
Divergent Boundary the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
Sea-floor spreading the process by which new oceanic lithosphere is formed at a mid ocean ridge as older materials are pulled away for the ridge
asthenosphere the layer of the upper mantle composed of low-density rock material that is semiplastic, like putty
subduction the process of one tectonic plate being pushed under another tectonic plate
plate boundary the point at which one tectonic plate touches another
fracture a mineral's tendency to break along irregular surfaces; a break in the Earth's surface
convergent boundary the boundary between two plates that are moving together
Mid-ocean ridge the mountain chains that form on the ocean floor where tectonic plates pull apart
trench a deep underwater valley
compressional stress the stress produced by two tectonic plates coming together
tensional stress the stress produced by two tectonic plates moving apart
transform boundary the boundary between two tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
folding the bending of rock layers due to stress in the Earth's crust
pangaea the theory that the continents began as one supercontinent, Greek for "all lands"
orogenesis The process of mountain formation
deformation a permanent change in the shape or volume of rocks
Created by: adamsfamily
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