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PCS Liv Env
Chapter 11 Vocabulary (2016 - 17)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| true-breeding | allowed to self-pollinate producing identical offsprings |
| trait | a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another (example: seed color, plant height) |
| hybrids | the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait |
| alleles | different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| gametes | sex cells |
| probability | likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett square | diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| homozygous | two identical alleles for a particular trait (example: TT or tt) |
| heterozygous | two different alleles for a particular trait (example: Tt) |
| phenotype | physical characteristic (you can see this - example: tall, short, blue, green) |
| genotype | genetic makeup (can't see this - example: TT or Tt) |
| independent assortment | independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
| incomplete dominance | one allele is not completely dominant over another (example: red roses bred with white roses = pink roses) |
| codominance | both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism (example: AB blood) |
| multiple alleles | three or more alleles of the same gene |
| polygenic traits | traits controlled by two or more genes |
| homologous | two sets of chromosomes (same number of chromosomes come from each parent) |
| diploid | cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes; two sets (di = two) |
| haploid | cell contains only a single set of chromosomes therefore a single set of genes; one set |
| meoisis | process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes |
| tetrad | structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiousis |
| crossing-over | homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
| gene map | diagram showing the relative locations of each know gene on a particular chromosome |
| dominant | traits expressed (you can see) |
| reessive | traits hidden |
| Law of Probability | used to predict results if large number of organisms are involved |
| somatic cells | body cells |
Created by:
Ms.Sala
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