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Helminths
| Organism | Type | Transmission | Disease | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongyloides stercoralis | Nematode (round worm) | Larvae in soli penetrate the skin | Intestinal infection that causes vomiting, diarrhea, anemia | Ivermectin/thiabendazole |
| Ancylostoma duodenale, Necaor americanus, aka ___ | Nematode (round worm) | Hookworm; Larvae penetrate skin of feet; | Intestinal infection can cause anemia (sucks blood from intestinal wall) | Mebendazole/pyrantal pamoate (BENDy; treat with meBENDazole) |
| Dracunculus medinesis | Nematode (round worm) | In drinking water | skin inflammation and ulceration | Niridazole |
| Onchocera volvulus | Nematode (round worm) | Blackfly transmission, River blindness | Skin nodules, "lizard skin", can have an allergic reaction to microfilaria | Ivermectin (IVERmectin for rIVER blindness) |
| Loa loa | Nematode (round worm) | Deer fly, horse fly, mango fly | causes swelling in skin (worm crawling in conjunctiva) | Diethylcarbamazine |
| Wucheria bancrofti | Nematode (round worm) | Female mosquito | Blockage of lympahtic vessels "elephantitis" (~ 1 year to get symptoms) | Diethylcarbamazine |
| Taenia solium | Cestodes (tapeworm) | Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork= leads to intestinal tapeworms; Ingestion of eggs = | "swiss cheese appearence", cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis, mass lesions in brain | Praziquantel for intestinal worms and cystericosis; albendazole for neurocysticercosis |
| Diphyllobothrim latum | Cestodes (tapeworm) | Ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish | B12 deficiency (anemia) | Praziquantel |
| Echinococcus granulosus | Cestodes (tapeworm) | Eggs in dog feces | cysts in liver, anaphylaxis if echinococcal antigens are released from cysts (Hydatid cyst) | Albendazole |
| Schistosoma | trematodes (flukes) | snails = host, cercariae penetrate skin of humans and cause granulomas | squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder | Praziquantel |
| Clonorchis sinensis | trematodes (flukes) | Undercooked fish | inflammation of the biliary tract --> pigmented gallstones; cholangiocarcinoma | Praziquantel |
| Paragonimus westermani | trematodes (flukes) | Undercooked crabmeat | inflammation and secondary bacterial infection of the lung | Praziquantel |
| toxocara canis | Nematodes (roundworm) | eggs in feces (eaten through contaminated food) | Causes granuloma (if in retina--> blindness) and visceral larva migrans | Diethylcarbamazine |
| Enterobius vermicularis aka __- | Nematode (roundworm) | pinworm; Food contaminated with eggs; intestinal infection; | Anal pruritis (scotch tape test) | Mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate |
| Ascaris lumbricoides aka ___ | Nematode (round worm) | Giant roundworm)Eggs are visible in feces; | Intestinal infection | Mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate |
| Trichinella spiralis | Nematode (round worm) | Undercooked meat (pork), inflammation of muscle (larvae encyst in muscle) | periorbital edema | Thiabendazole |
Created by:
ddecampo
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