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science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atmosphere | the mixture of gases surrounding a planet |
| biosphere | all the living things on a planet |
| channel | a long, narrow groove that forms where water, lava, or other liquid flows canal |
| claim | a proposed answer to a question about the natural world |
| evidence | information about the natural world that is used to support or go against (refute) a claim |
| geologic process | an event or series of events that causes changes in the geosphere, such as flowing water or flowing lava |
| geosphere | the solid part of a rocky planet |
| habitable | having the conditions necessary to support life habitable |
| hydrosphere | all the liquid water and solid water (ice) on a planet |
| landform | a feature that forms on the surface of a planet, such as a mountain, channel, or sand dune |
| model | an object, diagram, or computer program that helps us understand how a system, or part of a system, works |
| planetary geologist | a scientist who studies the geospheres of planets in our solar system |
| reasoning | the process of making clear how your evidence supports your claim |
| rocky planet | any planet with a solid surface, such as Earth or Mars |
| scientific argument | a claim supported by evidence |
| system | a set of interacting parts forming a complex whole |
| crescent moon | a moon phase that looks like less than a half circle from Earth |
| exomoon | a moon outside of our solar system |
| exoplanet | a planet outside of our solar system |
| full moon | a moon phase that looks like a full circle from Earth |
| gibbous moon | a moon phase that looks like more than a half circle from Earth |
| illuminate | to shine light on an object and make it visible |
| lunar eclipse | when the moon is completely dark |
| model | an object, diagram, or computer program that helps us understand something by making it simpler or easier to see |
| moon | a rocky sphere that travels around a planet |
| moon phase | the shape of the illuminated part of the Moon as it appears from Earth |
| new moon | a moon phase where the Moon is not visible from Earth |
| orbit | the nearly circular path a smaller object (like the Moon) travels around a larger object (like Earth) |
| pattern | something we observe to be similar over and over again |
| quarter moon | a moon phase that looks like a half circle from Earth |
| scale | the relative size of things |
| solar system | the sun, the planets that orbit the sun, and other objects that orbit the sun |
| sun | the star that is the main source of light at the center of our solar system |
| terminator | the border between light and dark on the Moon |
| year | the amount of time it takes for a planet to complete one orbit around a star or stars |
| cause | an event or process that leads to a result or change |
| climate | general weather patterns over a long period of time |
| climatology | the study of weather patterns over a long period of time |
| continent | any of the Earth's main continuous areas of land, such as Africa, Asia, and North America |
| effect | a result or change that happens because of an event or process |
| El Niño | a climate pattern where water near the equator gets hotter than usual and affects the weather around the world; El Niño happens in the Pacific Ocean |
| energy | the ability to make things move or change |
| equator | the imaginary line that divides Earth into northern and southern hemispheres (halves |
| gyre | a giant pattern of moving water that spans whole oceans and moves water from place to place in a circle |
| latitude | the distance of a place north or south of the Earth's equator |
| longitude | the distance of a place east or west of the Earth's prime meridian |
| model | an object, diagram, or computer program that helps us understand something by making it simpler or easier to see |
| observe | to use any of the five senses to gather information about something observar |
| ocean current | ocean water flowing in a continuous path |
| prediction | an idea about what might happen that is based on what you already know |
| prevailing winds | winds that move in one direction and are strong enough to push ocean currents |
| scientific community | scientists around the world who share information and ideas |
| solar | related to the sun |
| surface | the outside or top layer of something |
| temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is; the higher the temperature is, the more energy it has |
| transfer | to move energy from one object to another or one place to another |
| upwelling | a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface of the ocean |