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mid term exam
8th grade mid term exam Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cinder cone volcano? | A cinder cone volcano is a volcano that is mainly composed of ash and rock fragments. |
| What is a shield volcano? | A shield volcano is a volcano that is mainly composed of layers of solid lava. |
| What is a composite volcano? | A composite volcano is a volcano that is composed of layers(hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash ) that are constantly moving. |
| The narrow zone of active volcanoes that teems the Pacific basin? | The Ring of Fire |
| What are the top layers of ground chipped away by surface mining? | Overburden |
| What is the type of mountain formed when rocks on one side of a fault are forced upward and the rocks on the other side downward. | Fault-block mountain |
| What is formed from glaciers extending into the ocean without breaking? | Ice Shelves |
| What is the scientific (intentionally difficult) name for humans? | Homo sapiens |
| What type of weathering involves the breaking or peeling away of rocks into layers? | Exfoliation |
| What takes the title of the amount of matter in an object | Mass |
| The alloy that is the child of iron and carbon | Steel |
| The land borders a river and is covered by river water in flood time | Flood plain |
| The resistance of a smooth mineral to being scratched | Hardness |
| The Australopithecus known as "upright man" | Homo Erectus |
| The largest group of minerals, which compose of 90% of the Earth | Silicates |
| The sudden appearance of life in the fossil record | Cambrian explosion |
| The plant food element that promotes the ripening of fruits | Phosphorus |
| The fan shaped deposits at the mouth of a river | Delta |
| The upper surface of ground water | Water table |
| The crystalline substances found naturally in the earth | Minerals |
| Lava that hardens into rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly or "blocky" texture | AA |
| The living fossil of the deep-sea fish that was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians | Coelacanth |
| The huge level region of the deep ocean floor | Abyssal plane |
| The sandy, gently sloping underwater plain near a continent | Continental shelf |
| The pool of shallow, salty water at the centre of an atoll | Lagoon |
| An underwater mountain range is called? | Mid-ocean ridge |
| The large fissure in the continental shelf | Submarine canyon |
| What is one of the deepest depressions in the earth's surface where the oceans are contained? | Oceanic basin |
| What is one of the huge , muddy valleys that cut through portions of the abyssal plain? | Trenches |
| What is an underwater mountain called? | Sea mount |
| What's beginning is marked by a shelf break? | Continental slope |
| What is 78% of the sea salt in the ocean? | Sodium chloride |
| The rhythmic back-and-forth motions of water that transfer energy | Waves |
| The gentle, rolling waves that appear even in calm weather | Ocean swells |
| What are crystals generally characterized by? | Faces |
| The revolutionary submersible design invented by Auguste Piccard | Bathyscaphe |
| Oceanographers collect water samples using what kind of bottles? | Niskin bottles |
| What is the study of the earth called? | Geology |
| The process in which wind lifts particles for short distances then drops them suddenly | Saltation |
| The movements of ocean water caused primarily by the moon | Tide |
| The region where cold, deep water meets sun-warmed surface water | Thermocline |
| The earth's rotation causes surface currents to move in circular paths | Gyre |
| What is the device with an open tube that is dropped to the sea floor, allowing it's weight to puncture the sediment? | Gravity corer |
| What are huge chunks of floating ice called? | Iceberg |
| The most abundant element in the earth's crust | oxygen |
| process that breaks rocks down into soil | weathering |
| mineral test that leaves a line of powder on a plate | streak test |
| study of fossils | paleontology |
| deepest known point in the sea | Challenger Deep |
| What is formed when water from heavy waves rapidly flows away from the shore through a gap in a sandbar? | rip current |
| one idea that attempts to reconcile the bible with evolution | theistic evolution |
| regions of the earth's crust where limestone is exposed and abundant | karst regions |
| The deepest regions of the sea, with depths greater than 6,000 meters (19,690 feet) are in which zone? | Hadal Zone |
| low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine | drumlin |
| red variety of corundum | ruby |
| When two rock layers are pushed together, causing the layers to buckle, what kind of mountain is formed? | folded mountain |
| device that used sound waves to detect other underwater objects | sonar |
| type of mountain formed when molten rocks collects beneath an overlaying rock layer, forcing the layer upward into a blister-like structur? | domed mountain |
| warm surface current that flows in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator | Gulf Stream |
| winding, looping curve in a river on flat ground | meander |
| large almond -or teardrop- shaped peices of ejects formed when lava solidifies | volcanic bomb |
| theory that has never been proven false | law |
| halfway between the spring tides are weaker-that-normal tides called ________________ tides. | neap |
| amount of dissolved salt in seawater | salinity |
| type of fold formed when rocks buckle upward | anticline |
| Emerald and aquamarine are two forms of what mineral? | beryl |
| hypothetical time scale that supposedly charts both the earth's history and the sequence of rock layers in the earth's crust | geologic column |
| scale used by chemist to express acidity and basicity of substances | pH scale |
| metal that is more powerful than silver or gold | platnium |
| false belief that all geological processes at the same rate | uniformitarianism |
| daily or twice daily period when the ocean levels are at their highest point | high tide |
| theory that states that the earth's crust and upper mantle consist of huge plates that slowly drift as a result of convection currents in the mantle | plate tectonics |
| Who wrote the Origin of Species? | Charels Darwin |
| study of the earth's oceans | oceanogrophy |
| highest point of a wave | crest |
| percent of the earth's surface that is covered by water | 70% |
| point of the earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus | epicenter |
| upward-flowing current | upwelling |
| device that serves as a framework for many water collection bottles to allow water to be collected from different depths | rosette |
| scientific term for water pressure | hydrostatic pressure |
| substance that makes up the physical world | matter |
| what does SCUBA stand for? | self-contained underwater breathing apparatus |
| Who is the most awesome person ever? | DA MACKSTER!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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