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circulatory systems
NAU bio182 animal circulatory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| components of circulatory system | muscular pump- heart. Fluid= blood. Conduits= blood vessels. |
| all systems | deliver nutrients to cells and remove waste products. |
| open system | Extracellular fluid continuous with fluid in circulatory system. Vessels empty fluid directly on tissue. Extracellular fluid flows into circulatory system.(arthropods & mollusks) |
| Closed system | Continuous system of vessels. (annelids) |
| Blood flow in 2-chambered heart (fish) | Blood pumped from Atrium- Ventricle → Gills (oxygenated). Aorta-disributes to small arteries & arterioles. Returns to Atrium of heart. |
| Blood flow in 3-chambered heart (amphibians) | Ventricle → lungs (O2). Two atria- Left atria is body. Right atria receives deoxygen blood from body and is a pulmonary circuit. Oxygenated blood at higher pressure to organs, does not go through lungs first. |
| Blood flow in 4-chambered heart (birds and mammals) | Oxygenated & deoxygenated blood cannot mix. Respiratory gas exchange is maximized. 2 circuits operate at diff pressures. |
| atrium | any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart) |
| ventricle | the two larger chambers (one on each side) of the heart; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation and the left ventricle pumps freshly oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. |
| aorta | the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries. |
| arteries | are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All of these, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood. |
| arterioles | is a small diameter blood vessel that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries. |
| veins | are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most of these carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart. |
| venule | A little vein. these go from capillaries to veins, vessels that carry blood low in oxygen content from the body back to the heart. |
| pulmonary circuit | transports oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new blood supply. Then it returns the oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium. |
| systemic circuit | carries oxygenated blood frm the left ventricle, through the arteries, 2 the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins 2 the right atrium of the heart |
| In which organisms are pulmonary circuits and systemic circuits separate? | Birds and mammals |
| Cardiac cycle step one | the atria contract. |
| Cardiac cycle step two | the atrioventricular valves close and pulmonary valves open. |
| Cardiac cycle step three | blood's pumped into aorta and pulmonary artery and out of ventricles. |
| Cardiac cycle step four | pressure in ventricles fall. pressure in aorta and pulmonary artery increases and their valves shut. |
| Cardiac cycle step five | ventricles fill with blood. |
| systolic pressure | pressure needed to stop blood flow. |
| diastolic pressure | minimum pressure causing intermittent blood flow |
| Blood pressure is measured in | mm Hg |
| Normal blood pressure is | 120/80 |
| Blood can be considered a | connective tissue because it can connect diff layers of tissue and connects the body systems together bringing oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other signaling molecules. |
| hemacrit is | % blood composed of cells- packed cell volume. 42% is regular. |
| Plasma is | the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended. |
| Solid portion of blood consists of | red blood cells, various white blood cells, and platelets. |
| Where are red blood cells produced? | bone marrow stem cells and function for 100-120 days. |
| What is unique about the red blood cells in mammals? | only group to lose organelles. |
| What is the function of the Spleen in the life cycle of red blood cells? | it sequesters large numbers of red blood cells which are dumped into the blood during times of exertion stress, yielding a higher oxygen transport capacity. |
| Platelets | are the cells in your body that help blood to clot and stop you from bleeding.They remain in marrow. |
| Platelets | are activated by collagen fibers |
| What does fibrin do? | forms meshwork that clots blood, seals vessel, forms framework for scar tissue. |
Created by:
maw247
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