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HELUS: Muskuloskelat
HELUS: Grade 7, Life Science: Ch.9: The Muskuloskeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The hard, supportive structure in our bodies is the ___ system | skeletal |
| The human body has over 200 ___ made of cells, collagen, and calcium | bones |
| The skeletal system provides ___, protection, and movement for the body | support |
| ___ vessels and nerves enter and leave through holes in bones. | Blood |
| The skull, ___, and ribs protect the brain, spinal cord, and heart and lungs,respectively. | vertebrae |
| The skeletal system provides attachment points for ___, which allow movement | muscles |
| The ___ in the middle of some bones is where blood cells are formed. | marrow |
| Bones connect at ___ | joints |
| ___, which hold bones together at joints, are flexible because they have less calcium | Ligaments |
| ___, found in ears and noses, is a flexible elastic tissue made of collagen. | Cartilage |
| ___ joints, found in fingers, elbows, and knees, allow back-and-forth movement | Hinge |
| The thumb, the only ___ joint in the body, allows a wider range of motion | saddle |
| ___-___-___ joints, such as in shoulders and hips, can rotate and move in every direction. | Ball-and-socket |
| An ___ joint, such as in knuckles, is similar to a ball-and-socket but cannot move in as many directions | ellipsoid |
| In a ___ joint, the cylindrical region of one bone fits into a ring-shaped structure ofanother joint. | pivot |
| The joint between the first two neck ___ is a pivot joint. | vertebrae |
| Two bones that connect at flat surfaces form a ___ joint, such as in ankles and wrists. | gliding |
| An ___ joint holds two bones firmly together, allowing little or no movement. | immovable |
| The ___ contains immovable joints. | skull |
| The ___ system allows the body to move. | muscular |
| Muscle tissue is made of bundles of long muscle cells called muscle ___. | fibers |
| Muscle fibers contain bundles of tubes that contain muscle ___. | filaments |
| When a muscle ___, the muscle filaments move closer to each other and the muscle shortens | contracts |
| When a muscle ___, the muscle filaments move away from each other. | relaxes |
| Muscles contract when they receive chemical signals from the ___ system | nervous |
| Muscle cells contain more ___ than other cells to produce ___ needed forcontraction. | mitochondria, energy |
| Muscles have a large network of ___ vessels that supplies them with oxygen for cellular ___. | blood, respiration |
| Muscles can be either voluntary or ___. | involuntary |
| A voluntary muscle, such as those in hands, arms, and legs, is one you can ___. | control |
| An involuntary muscle, such as the heart or ___, works without you having to thinkabout it. | stomach |
| Muscle cells form three types of muscle ___ in the human body. | tissue |
| ___ muscle tissue causes movement. | Skeletal |
| Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the ___. | heart |
| ___ muscle tissue, found in internal organs such as your stomach and blood vessels, ___ contracts and relaxes. | Smooth, slowly |
| The muscular system must interact with the skeletal system to produce ___. | movement |
| ___ connect bones to muscles and do not stretch as much as ligaments. | Tendons |
| Tendons, ligaments, and cartilage are all ___ tissue. | connective |
| The body moves through ___ and extension. | flexion |
| In flexion, the bending of a limb ___ the angle between the bones of the limb. | decreases |
| In ___, the limb straightens and increases the angle between bones of the limb. | extension |
| The ___ system works to move the body. | musculoskeletal |
| A ___ is a simple machine made of anything rigid that pivots around a fixed point. | lever |
| The ___ is the fixed point around which a lever pivots. | fulcrum |
| The ancient Greek mathematician ___ (287-212 B.C.) first described levers. | Archimedes |
| Three ___ of levers are determined by location of the fulcrum, load, and applied force. | classes |
| ___ force is the force needed to move an object over a distance. | Effort |
| ___ force is the force that opposes the effort force. | Resistance |
| The ___ the effort force is to the fulcrum, the more effort force it will take to use the lever. | closer |
| The closer the resistance force is to the fulcrum, the ___ resistance force it will take. | less |
| In a ___-___ lever, the resistance force and the effort force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum. A ___-___, pliers, and scissors are examples of these. | first-class, see-saw |
| In a second-class lever, the ___ force is between the fulcrum and the effort force. ___ ___ are examples of these. | resistance, Wheel barrows |
| In a third-class lever, the effort force is between the resistance force and the ___. ___ ___, shovels, and rakes are examples of these. | fulcrum, Baseball bats |
| Although ___-___ levers require more effort force, they are the most common levers in the body. | third-class |
| First- and second-class levers could perform the same task using ___ force. | less |
| ___-___ levers make a much better arrangement for muscle attachment. | Third-class |
| In biceps, a ___-___ lever would require a counter-balance if the pivot point was theelbow. | first-class |
| In biceps, a second-class lever would require that muscles attach at the ___ if the pivot point was the elbow. | fingers |
| ___ are used to lift heavy objects or to move objects faster and farther. | Levers |
| ___ ___ is the ability of a machine to increase the amount of force put into the machine. | Mechanical advantage |
| Mathematically, mechanical advantage (MA) is the ___ of the resistance force (FR) to theeffort force (FE). | ratio |
| First- and second-class levers, such as see-saws and car jacks, make it easier to ___ heavy objects. | lift |
| Third-class levers, such as baseball bats, make it easier to move objects ___ and faster. | farther |
| Arrangements of muscles and bones in your body function in the same way as mechanical___. | levers |
| In our bodies, multiple bones and joints act as levers and fulcrums, and muscles provide___. | force |
| ___ in your legs and arms allow you to move farther and faster. | Levers |
| The ___ of levers in the body affects body strength. | length |
| In activities such as arm wrestling or gymnastics, ___ men and women have a natural advantage because the effort force and resistance force are closer together. | shorter |
Created by:
jnosik
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