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A&P Test 4
Ch. 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| capillaries | site where nutrients, wastes, and hormones are exchanged |
| continuous capillaries | tight junction epithelial cells. occurs in most tissues |
| fenestrated capillaries | endothelial cells riddled with holes called filtration pores (fenestrations). occurs in the kidneys and small intestines |
| sinusoids | AKA discontinuous capillaries. irregular, blood-filled spaces with large fenestrations. allows albumin, clotting factors and new blood cells to enter the circualtion. found in bone marrow, liver, and spleen |
| aneurysm | weak point in an artery or wall; forms a athin-walled, bulging sack that may rupture |
| dissecting aneurysm | blood accumulates between the tunics of the artery and separates them; usually because break down of tunica media |
| conducting arteries | aorta, common carotid, iliac arteries (are what kind of arteries?) |
| distributing (muscular / medium) arteries | brachial, femoral, renal, and splenic (are what kind of arteries?) |
| resistance (small) arteries | arterioles - the smallest arteries |
| metarterioles | short vessels that link arterioles to capillaries |
| tunica interna | lines the blood vessel and is exposed to blood |
| endothelium | simple squamos epithelium overlying a basement membrane and a sparse layer of loose connective tissue. secretes chemicals that stimulate vasomotion |
| tunica media | middle layer of a blood vessel that consists of collagen and elastic tissue |
| tunica externa | AKA tunica adventitia. outermost layer of loose connective tissue that often merges with other things |
| postcapillary venules | smallest veins. most leukocytes emigrate from the blood stream through venule walls |
| muscular venules | 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media. have thin tunica externa |
| medium veins | thin tunica media. thick tunica externa. tunica interna forms venous valves |
| venous sinuses | veins with especially thin walls, large lumen, and no smooth muscle. |
| large veins | some smooth muscle in all three tunics. vena cavae, pulmonary veins, internal jugular veins, and renal veins |
| blood flow | the amount of blood flowing through, an organ, tissue or, blood vessel in a given time (mL/min) |
| perfusion | the flow per given volume or mass of tissue in a give time (mL / min / g) |
| hemodynamics | physical principal of blood flow based on pressure and resistance |
| mean arterial pressure (MAP) | 1/3 pulse pressure + diastole |
| autoregulation | ability of a tissue to regulate their own blood supply (local BP control) |
| vasoactive chemicals | substances secreted by platelets, endothelial cells, and perivascular tissue that stimulate vasomotion (local BP control) |
| reactive hyperemia | if blood supply is cut off and restored, flow increases above what is normal (local BP control) |
| angiogenesis | growth of new blood vessels (local BP control) |
| angiotensin II | potent vasoconstrictor |
| aldosterone | promotes sodium and water retention by kidneys |
| atrial natriuritec peptide (ANP) | increases urinary sodium excretion |
| ADH | promotes water retention and raises BP |
Created by:
meghan.snell81
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