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10.4 Bio

10.4

TermDefinition
ribonucleic acid RNA
transcription the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template
translation the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains
protein synthesis the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA
ribose a five-carbon sugar composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
messenger RNA (mRNA) a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) part of the structure of ribosomes
transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein
RNA polymerase an enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of DNA molecule as a template
promoter a nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds, which initiates the transcription of a specific gene
termination signal a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene
genetic code the rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
codon in DNA, a three nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal
anticodon a region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA
genome the complete genetic material contained in an individual
Created by: ChambersA20
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