hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart.

large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together.

theory that new seafloor formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge.

theory that the earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plastic-like layer of the mantle.

a large section of earth's oceanic or continental crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere.

current in earth's mantle that transfers heat in earth's interior and is the driving force for plate tectonics.

vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault.

seismic wave that moves rock particles back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels

seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave.

seismic wave that moves rock particles up and down in a backward rolling motion and side to side in a swaying motion.

point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus.

instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived.

opening in earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava.

opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto earth's surface as lava.

steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent.

the result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust.

broad gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava.

steep-sided, loosely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to the ground.

volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava.

bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption.

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science vocab ch4-6

Question	Answer
continental drift	hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart.
pangea	large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together.
seafloor spreading	theory that new seafloor formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge.
plate tectonics	theory that the earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plastic-like layer of the mantle.
plate	a large section of earth's oceanic or continental crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere.
convection current	current in earth's mantle that transfers heat in earth's interior and is the driving force for plate tectonics.
earthquake	vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault.
primary waves	seismic wave that moves rock particles back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels
secondary waves	seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave.
surface waves	seismic wave that moves rock particles up and down in a backward rolling motion and side to side in a swaying motion.
epicenter	point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus.
seismograph	instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived.
volcano	opening in earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava.
vent	opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto earth's surface as lava.
crater	steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent.
hot spot	the result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust.
shield volcano	broad gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava.
cinder cone volcano	steep-sided, loosely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to the ground.
composite volcano	volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava.
tephra	bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption.

Created by: mastiner1

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