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BioFinal338
Joyous final study indo
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| State Boyle's Law | (at constant temperature) the number of gas molecules in a given volume varies inversely with pressure and is represented mathematiclally: P1V1=P2V2 or PV=K |
| What effect, if any does Boyle's Law have on exercise? | it does have an effect but only in altitude because increased altitude decreases the pressure so the volume of air is increased. basically at altitude you need to break more air to get the same number of oxygen molecule |
| what adaptations do humans undergo in response to chronic heat exposer? | (An elevation of core temperature is primary stimulus to promote heat acclimation in humans, happens rapidly, 7-14 days). increased plasma volume, increased sweat rate, earlier onset of sweating, reduced salt loss in sweat, decreased skin blood flow |
| Increases plasma blood volume | adaptation to chronic heat exposure: there is a 10-12% increase in plasma volume due to an increase in plasma proteins, this maintains central blood volume, stroke volume, and sweating capacity, basically this allows us to sweat more before problems |
| increased sweat rate | adaption to chronic heat: may be increased to 3x the rate prior to heat adaptation, much more evaportative cooling is possible, helps prevent body temperature from increasing significantly |
| earlier onset of sweating | adaption to chronic heat: sweating begins rapidly after the start of exercise |
| reduced salt loss in sweat | adaption to chronic heat: increased secretion of aldosterone reduces salt and chloride sweat looses, reduces electrolyte loss and disturbances, does not minimize that need to replace that water lost |
| decreased skin blood flow | adaption to chronic heat: absolute blood flow to the skin does not go down, it is just decreased in comparison before we were adapted |
| What adaptations do humans undergo in response to chronic cold (exact time for this is unknown but results were seen after one week in cold chamber) | when cold receptors are stimulated in the skin or the hypothalamus, plan to increase heat gain and decrease heat loss. however these adaptations are not often needed people most people are not exposed to extreme cold. decrease onset |
| decrease onset of shivering | response to chronic cold: there is a reduction in the mean skin temperature at which shivering begins, explanation is that acclimitized people maintain heat production by increasing nonshivering thermogensis via hormones (allows them to do work when cold |
| increased hand and foot temperatures | imporves intermittent peripheral vasodilation to increase blood flow to hands and feet, this is important for greater motility |
| increase ability to sleep in the cold | adaption to chronic heat: unadapted people will often shiver so much that sleep is impossible, this adaption is due to nonthivering thermogenesis |
| describe the process of acclimatization to altitude. Short Term | happens immediately or in a couple of weeks or less. the first immdediate response is an increase in vetilation to bring more oxygen (leading to blowing off CO2 which decreases H+ and HCO3-) |
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NoxFlower
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