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Biology Final 2009

QuestionAnswer
cellular differentiation certain genes are turned off and on; cells become specialized in structure and function
gene expression gene is turned on and transcribed into RNA; information flows from genes to proteins, genotype to phenotype
Differentiated Cells All contain a complete set of DNA; may act like other cells if their pattern of gene is altered.
Nuclear Transplantation replaces nuclei of egg cells with those of differentiated cells
Therapeutic Cloning Produces embryonic stem cells
Control Sequences Streches of DNA that coordinate gene expression
operon Is a cluster of genes with related functions, including the control sequences
promoter control sequence;the site where the transcription enzyme initiates transcription
operator Is a DNA sequence between the promoter and the enzyme genes;Acts as an on and off switch for the genes
Transcription factors Are proteins that turn on eukaryotic genes
Enhancers Are bound with activator proteins as the first step in initiating transcription
Silencers Are repressor proteins that may inhibit the start of transcription
multicellular organism Gene regulation can cross cell boundaries;A cell can produce chemicals that induce another cell to be regulated a certain way
cut and paste genes hilight one gene, pull out and insert
marker genes sequence common for disease
bacteriophage virus infects bacterica cell wall
HIV retro virus codes backwards
convergence pertains to organisms not closely related that independently acquire similar characteristics while evolving in separate and sometimes varying ecosystems.
reverse transcriptase another method of synthesizing a gene of interest
Created by: SammyBammy2008
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