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BIO Exam III
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In Mendel’s experiments with pea plants, the plants resulting from his cross-pollinations of two different, but true-breeding varieties (the P generation) were called | hybrids |
| The separation of alleles into separate gametes is summarized as Mendel’s law of | segregation |
| In cattle, roan coat color occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red (RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. When 2 roan cattle are crossed, the phenotypes of the progeny are in the ratio of 1 red:2 roan:1 white. Which of the following crosses produce th | red ˛ white |
| What is a genetic cross called between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive? | a test cross |
| 5) Assume tallness (T) is dominant to dwarfness (t), while green (G) seed color is dominant to yellow (g). A dwarf, yellow seed plant is crossed with a plant homozygous for tallness and green seeds. What are the genotype and phenotype of the F1 individu | TtGgπ tall and green |
| A 1:2:1 phenotypic and genotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is a sign of | incomplete dominance |
| 7Three babies were recently mixed up in a hospital. After consideration of the data below, which of the following represent the correct baby/parent combinations? | I-2, II-3, III-1 |
| Two black mice are crossed with a resulting phenotypic ration of 9 black, 3 brown, 4 white. How is this possible? What is the most likely explanation? | EPISTASIS |
| 9The physical basis of Mendelian inheritance can be explained by: | CHROMOSOMES movement during MEIOSIS |
| 10. Genes located on the same chromosome, ___________, tend to be inherited together. However, these genes can become separated from one another due to ______________ during meiosis. | linked genes..... crossing over genes |
| In medelian cross below, the green-round and yello wrinkle peas are called | RECOMBINANTS |
| If the fly girl with kaleidoscope eyes is crossed with a wild-type male, what percentage of the F1 males will have wild type (i.e. normal) eyes? | 0% |
| For the following gene pairs (with recombinant frequency shown) which pair has the shortest distance between them? | TALL- SHORT 9% |
| 14. Red-green color blindness is X-linked in humans. If a male is re-green color blind, and both parents have normal color vision, which of the male’s grandparents is most likely to be re0green color blind? | MATERNAL GRANDMOTHER |
| In a series of mapping experiments, the recombination freq. for 4 different linked genes of Drosophila were determined as shown below. What is the order of these genes on a chromosome map? w-z 39y-z 18w-x 48x-z 10w-y 28 | w-y-z-x |
| A man who carries an X-linked allele will pass it on to? | ALL OF HIS DAUGHTERS |
| A Barr body is normally found in the nucleus of which kind of human cell? | SOMATIC cells of a FEMALE only |
| 18One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous chromosome. This is called : | TRANSLOCATION |
| DNA is double helix with sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside and purine-pyrimidine paired nucleotides on the inside. In DNA, A pairs with I and C pairs with G. True or False | True |
| Cytosine makes up 22% of nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. What percent of the nucleotides in this sample will be the other pyrimidine-thymine? | 28% |
| What kinds of chemical bonds are responsible for holding the 2 strands of the DNA double helix together? | HYDROGEN |
| One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous chromosome. This is called | TRANSLOCATION |
| In the DNA replication diagram above, the end labeled C’ is a end of the DNA and the molecule labeled is called a primase. | 3’, G |
| What is the function of DNA helicase? | To unwind and unzip the DNA helix during replication |
| A eukaryotic cell lacking telomerase would: | Suffer reduction in telomere length with each round of DNA synthesis |
| Using the mRNA code provided above, what amino acid sequence will be generated based on the follow DNA sequence? 5’ TAC-CTA-AGC-AAT-AGG-AAC 3’ | val-pro-ile-ala-stop |
| A major step in eukaryotic transcription that is not found in prokaryotic transcription is: | RNA processing |
| A function on the 5’ guanosine cap on mRNA is to? | prevent premature hydrolysis (breakdown) of the mRNA, facilitate binding of the ribosome, signal that the mRNA is ready for export form the nucleus |
| An anticodon is part of what molecule | tRNA |
| For an mRNA transcript, alternative splicing is: | Exercising some exons with all introns and keepin remaining exons |
| A translation iniation complex contains all of the following except:a. mRNAb. TATA boxc. small ribosomal subunitd. methionme tRNAe. large ribosoma subunitf. Trick question, all are correct | TATA box |
| Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence | 1.An aminoacyl- tRNA bids to A site2.Peptide bond forms between the new aminoacid and polypeptide chain3.Release factor binds to the A site4.Small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA5.tRNA translocates to the D siteAnswer: 4, 1, 2, 5, 3 |
| The complex shown in TEM at right is called a: | POLYRIBSOME |
| In a nucleosome, what is the DNA wrapped around? | HISTONES |
| Which of the following correctly lists increasingly higher levels of DNA organization | Nucleosome, 30-nanometer chromatic fiber, nucleosome, looped domain |
| In humans, the embryonic and fetal forms of hemoglobin have higher affinity for oxygen than that of adults. This is due to: | Nonidentical genes that produce different versions of globins during development |
| Which of the following statements above transposons is not true? | Transposons may decrease the num. of chromosomes within the nucleus |
| Muscles cells and nerve cells in one species of animal own their differences in structure to: | EXPRESSING DIFFER GENES |
| Telomeres are one example of this class of noncoding DNA: | Tandemly repetitive DNA |
| Two particles devices that eukayotic cells use to regulate transcription are | DNA methylation and histone acetylation. |
| The level of gene expression can be controlled by:a. protective medication and degradationb. RNA processingc. activators and enhancersd. mRNA degradation | all are true |
| Which of the following is NOT true for the p53 gene- the “guardian angel of the genome”? | It is a proto- oncogene |
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