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Meiosis begum bio
Meiosis, sexual reproduction, stem cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gametes | special cells used in sexual reproduction |
| somatic cell | all diploid cells that are not gametes |
| zygote | fertilized eggs formed form the joining of the gametes |
| prophase1 | chromatin makes copy of itself & begins to coil up |
| metaphase 1 | homologous pairs of chromosomes line up together at the miidle of the cell |
| Anaphase 1 | homologous chromosomes move to opposite end |
| telophase 1 | spindle fiber disappear & cell divides from cytokinesis |
| Prophase 2 | centriole doubles spindle fiber forms |
| metaphase 2 | chromosomes line in middle |
| Anaphase 2 | Individual chromatids move to opposite ends |
| Telophase 2 | -2 daughter cells divides into 4 new daughter cells -each new daughter cell has 23 chromosomes -this is 1/2 the number of original parent cell |
| phenotype | observable characteristic of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment |
| genotype | an organisms allele pairs |
| haploid | cell with half the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid (2n) cell |
| fertilization | process by which haploid gametes combine , forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes , with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent |
| diploid | having two copies of each chromosome (2n) |
| meiosis | reduction division process ,occurring only in reproductive cells , in which on diploid cell produce 4 haploid cells that are not genetically identical |
| crossing over | exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during propase 1 of meiosis |
| genetics | science of heredity |
| allele | alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait |
| dominant | Mendel's name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation |
| recessive | Mendel's name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation |
| homozygous | organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait |
| heterozygous | organism with two of different alleles for a specific trait |
| law of segregation | Mendel's law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis |
| hybrid | organism heterozygous for a specific trait |
| law of independent assortment | Mendel's law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes |
| genetic recombination | new combination of genes produces by crossing over and independent assortment |
| polyploidy | having one or more extra set of all chromosomes |
| somatic stem cells | found throughout the body during development, they multiply to replenish dying cells and replace damage tissue |
| stem cells | unspecialized cells that are characteristically of the same family type |
Created by:
mackezie Neal
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