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Ch. 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diffusion | The movement of particles from an area that is more crowded to an area that is less crowded. |
| equilibrium | When the system is balanced and there is the same amount of particles inside and outside of the cell. |
| osmosis | The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| selectively permeable membrane | A membrane that allows somethings to pass through it and others can not. |
| passive transport | Type of transport in which particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration and no energy is used |
| active transport | Type of transport in which particles move from an area of low concentration to high concentration and lots of energy is used. |
| facilitated diffusion | When particles move into or out of the cell through protein channels WITHOUT using energy. |
| endocytosis | When the cell membrane wraps around a particle and brings it into the cell. |
| exocytosis | When vesicles move materials to the cell membrane and materials are released from the cell. |
| hypertonic | A type of solution where there is a high concentration outside of the cell, water moves out of the cell and the cell SHRINKS. |
| hypotonic | A type of solution where there is a low concentration outside of the cell, water moves into the cell and the cell SWELLS. |
| isotonic | A type of solution where the concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell and the cell stays the same. |
| photosynthesis | Process that occurs in chloroplasts in which plants use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water to make food and oxygen. |
| cellular respiration | Process that occurs in the mitochondria in which oxygen and food is broken down into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide and water. |
| fermentation | Process that occurs in place of cellular respiration when carbon dioxide is used instead of oxygen to make energy. Lactic acid is made during this process. |
| ATP | Energy molecule made by cells |
| cell cycle | 3 stages that lead to the creation of a new cell. Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. |
| interphase | The first stage of the cell cycle in which the cell grows and chromosomes are copied. |
| mitosis | The second stage of the cell cycle that consists of PMAT; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| cytokinesis | The third stage of the cell cycle in which two new daughter cells are made. |
| chromosome | Structures of DNA |
| selectively permeable | Describes a membrane that lets some things in and some things out |
| equilibrium | When the number of particles is about the same on the inside and outside of the cell |
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figueroad