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BIOL 1103 Week 2
Kelly's Stack Week 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is meant by central and Peripheral Nervous systems? | Central: Brain and spinal cord. Recieves info, interperets and sends out instructions for response. Peripheral: All other nerves. Transfers info to and from Central. |
| What is a basement membrane? | Cells composed of Collagen and Protyoglycan compounds. The site of attachment and support for Epitheleal tissue. |
| What is an Organ System? | A group of organs work together in performing vital body functions. *Some organs may be part of more than one system (eg. Pancreas = both endocrine and digestive) |
| Why is water important? | 1) The main contituant of the human body (60% body weight). 2) Universal solvent 3) Involved in many of body's chemical reactions. 4) Vital in regulating body temperature. |
| What are the 11 major organ systems? | 1) Inegtumentary system 2) Muscular System 3) Skeletal System 4) Nervous System 5) Endocrine System 6) Cardiovascular System 7) Lymphatic and Immune System 8) Respiratory System 9) Digestive System 10) Urinary System 11) Reproductive System |
| Describe the structure and function of the Nervous Tissue. | Nerve cells in loose association, forming nerve networks. FUNCTION: To carry info to and from spinal cord and brain. Spinal cord and brain regulate body functions. Nerve cells arranged in groups: Fibres bundled together, cells clustered. |
| Describe the structure and function of Muscle Tissue. | Movement of structures within the body. 3 Types: Smooth, Striated, Cardiac. |
| What is Smooth Muscle? | Involuntary muscle, internal organs, glands and blood vessels. (eg. frog intestine) |
| What is Striated Muscle? | Associated with bones, also called skeletal muscle. Responsible for the movement of bones. Striped appearence under microscope, arrangement provides stronger contractions. |
| What is Cardiac Muscle? | Associated with the Heart. Cells striated but branched instead of parallel. Branches allow muscle to expel contents of heart when it contracts. |
| Describe the Structure and Function of Connective Tissue. | Helps form framework of organs by connecting tissue, also connects organs to each other. Composed of few cells and large amounts of intercellular material called the matrix. Matrix determines structure. Fluid : blood. Semi-fluid: loose rigid: bone |
| Describe the structure and function of Epitheleal Tissue. | Found in lining and covering of other tissues. 3 Types: Squamous: Flattened cells, easy movement or materials across surface. Found where is exchange of mat. across surface. Cuboidal: Cube-shaped cells, don't allow mat. exchange. Columnar: Elongated |
| Describe the White Blood Cell and its functions. | Ingests foreign materials. Large size allows it to surround and ingest bacteria. Flexible for engulfing bacteria. |
| Describe the Red Blood Cell and its Functions. | Has no nucleus, means reduced metabolism so uses less Oxygen. Carries O2 to different parts of body, important it doesnt use a lot so it can deliver. Flattened shape = more surface area, allowes greater movement of gasses across surface. |
| Describe the Muscle cell and its functions. | Striated or Smooth muscle cells. Designed to pull a bone or collapse a tube or sac. Elongated to create movement when it contracts. |
| Describe a nerve cell and its functions. | Conducts an electrical impulse from one part of the body to another. (Communication line, relays impulses) |
| What are the components of a phospholipid molecule? | Fats w/ similar structure as Triglycerides. Glycerol backbone with 3 central Carbon atoms. Amphipathic: 1 non-polar hydophobic end (fatty acid chains), 1 Polar Hydrophillic end (phosphate and nitrogen). Polar head and 2 nonpolar fatty acid tails. |
| Distinguish between saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. | Saturated: All available bonds are taken, saturated with Hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated: One or more double covalent bonds between Carbon Atoms, gaps in Hydrogen. Polyunsaturated: Two or more double covalent bonds between Carbon atoms. |
| What are the functions of: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids? | Triglycerides: Body's most highly concentrated energy source, but great amount of fat calorie wasted and n/a for body to use. Steroids: Important, large group of compounds. Vitamin D, Hormones, Cholesterol. Phospholipids: Major element in cell membran |
| What are the major elements in Lipid Molecules? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. Organic compounds, vital to humans. Less O2 than Carbs. A molecule of fat is called a Triglyceride. |
| What are the 3 major groups of Carbohydrates? | MONOSACCHARIDES: Simple Sugars, contain 3-7 Carbon atoms. Main one is Glucose. DISACCHARIDES: 2 Monosaccharides joined together chemically. POLYSACCHARIDES: Many monosaccharides joined together by removal of water. |
| Specify the Major elements that make up Carbohydrate molecules. | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. Carbs are sugars and starches. Ratio of Carbon: Hydrogen: Oxygen is 1:2:1 General Formula is CH2O (Main function is produce energy) |
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kellychristie
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