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Ch. 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Robert Hooke | British scientist who discovered the cell while looking at a slice of cork. |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | Father of Microscopy, best microscope maker of his time. Discovered animalcules "little animals" while looking at pond water. |
| organelles | Small structures found floating in the cytoplasm of cells that are specialized for a specific function. |
| cytoplasm | Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell in which organelles float in. |
| cell wall | Rigid structure found on the outside of plant, bacteria, fungi, and some protist cells. |
| cell membrane | Outer layer found in all cells that allows some things in and some things out of the cell. |
| cytoskeleton | Fiber-like structure that provides extra support from within the cell to prevent collapse. |
| nucleus | The control center of the cell. Found only in eukaryotic cells. |
| ribosomes | Organelle that makes protein for the cell. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Organelle that acts as a tunnel or passageway to transport protein and other materials throughout the cell. |
| vacuole | Stores water, food and wastes. |
| central vacuole | Large organelle found only in plants to store mainly water. |
| vesicle | Small sac-like organelle that acts as a vehicle to move material into or out of the cell. Often forms from the golgi body or cell membrane of the cell. |
| lysosome | Organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break things down. The clean-up crew of the cell. |
| chloroplasts | Green organelle found in plants where photosynthesis takes place. |
| golgi complex | Organelle that packages and delivers materials that it receives from the ER. |
| mitochondria | Organelle that breaks down food through the process of cellular respiration to make energy (ATP) for the cell. |
| ATP | Name of the energy molecule made by the mitochondria. |
| cell | The basic unit of life. |
| organism | Any living thing. |
| DNA | genetic material of the cell |
| photosynthesis | process in which plants use sunlight to make food |
| chlorophyll | green pigment that fills the chloroplasts |
| prokaryotic | a cell that does not have a nucleus, bacteria |
| eukaryotic | a cell that is complex and has a nucleus |
| Matthias Schleiden | scientist who said all plants are made of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | scientist who said all animals are made of cells |
| Rudolf Virchow | scientist who said all cells come from existing cells |
| cell | basic unit of life |
| tissue | many specialized cells working together |
| organ | many tissues working together to perform a specific task |
| organ system | many organs working together to perform a specific task |
| organism | any living thing |