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16 17 & 18.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolution | change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
| fossil | preserved remains or traces of ancient organsims |
| artificial selection | selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring |
| adaptation | heritable characteristics that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment |
| fitness | how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment study of past and present distribution of organisms |
| biogeography | study of past and present distribution of organisms |
| homologous structure | similar structures that are shared by related species that have been inherited from a common ancestor |
| analogous structure | body parts that share a common function, but not structure |
| vestigial structure | structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function |
| gene pool | all the genes, including all alleles for each gene, that are present in a population |
| allele frequency | number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool as a percentage of the total occurrence of all alleles for that gene pool |
| polygenic trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| single-gene trait | trait controlled by one gene that has two alleles |
| directional selection | form of natural selection in which individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve |
| stabilizing selection | form of natural selection in which individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve |
| disruptive selection | natural selection in which individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve |
| genetic drift | random change in allele frequency caused by a series of chance occurrence that cause an allele to become more or less common in a population |
| bottleneck effect | a change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population |
| founder effect | change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population |
| genetic equilibrium | situation in which allele frequencies in a population remain the same |
| Hardy-Weinburg principle | principle that states that allele frequencies in a population remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change |
| sexual selection | type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism |
| species | a groups of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| speciation | formation of a new species |
| reproductive isolation | separation of a species or population so that they no longer interbreed and evolve into two separate two separate species |
| behavioral isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two populations develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors that prevent them from breeding |
| geographic isolation | forms of reproductive isolation which two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water, leading to the formation of two separate subspecies |
| temporal isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two or more species reproduce at different times |
Created by:
Sharion Davis
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