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OPT Bone Pathology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| osteogenesis imperfecta | heritable CT disorders of osteopenia and bone fragility due to mutation of type I collagen |
| osteopetrosis (marble bone disease) | increase in bone density due to failure of normal osteoclasts |
| infantile osteopetrosis | presents at birth and termed {malignant osteopetrosis} due to severity; widespread osteosclerosis, marrow failure and fractures |
| intermediate osteopetrosis | less severe form of osteopetrosis with fractures by age 10, osteomyelitis for dental procedures |
| adult osteopetrosis | most common type of osteopetrosis, milder and usually not life-threatening aka {benign osteopetrosis} |
| cleidocranial dysplasia | bone pathosis caused by mutation that guides osteoblastic differentiation, chondrocytic maturation and bone formation; large head, sometimes missing clavicles, supernumerary teeth |
| focal osteoporotic marrow defect | area of hematopoietic marrow big enough to be radiolucent and can be confused with intrabony neoplasm; often in posterior mandible after extraction |
| idiopathic osteosclerosis (enostosis) | areas of sclerotic bone unrelated to disease or cancer |
| massive osteolysis (Gotham disease, vanishing bone disease) | idiopathic destruction of bone, most commonly in the jaws; large areas of radiolucency, mobile teeth, pain and malocclusion |
| Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans) | abnormal resorption and deposition of bone resulting in distortion and weakening of bones; bone pain and increased prevalence of osteosarcomas |
| leontiasis ossea | maxillary involvement results in lion-like facial deformity |
| osteoporosis circumscripta | area of bone radiolucency that develop patchy radiopaque zones in Paget disease |
| cotton wool | pattern of bone on radiograph of radiolucencies and patches of radiopacity coalescing into large sclerosing areas; in Paget disease |
| black beard / Lincoln's sign | bone scan exhibits marked uptake from condyle to condyle in Paget disease |
| jigsaw puzzle or mosaic pattern | histologic pattern of bone with haphazard arrangement and reversal lines in Paget disease |
| central giant cell granuloma | intrabony proliferation of osteoclastic multinucleated giant cells; unclear is a reactive lesion or neoplasm |
| giant cell tumor | similar to central giant cell granuloma that occurs in long bones; high cellularity and aggressiveness |
| cherubism | autosomal dominant disorder of giant cell granulomas in posterior mandible causing large jaws in kids |
| simple bone cyst (traumatic bone cyst) | benign cavity in bone without epithelial lining, can be due to trauma or idiopathic |
| aneurysmal bone cyst | intrabony extravasation of RBCs (hematoma) surrounded by cellular fibrous connective tissue; radiolucency with cortical expansion |
| fibrous dysplasia | localized replacement of bone by cellular fibrous connective tissue and less organized bone; can occur with cafe-au-lait pigmentations and radiographs have {ground glass} appearance |
| monostotic fibrous dysplasia | involvement of fibrous dysplasia is limited to single bone without any predilections |
| Jaffe-Lichtenstein syndrome | polyostotic fibrous dysplastic lesions; late fetal mutation |
| McCune-Albright syndrome | polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with endocrine hyperfunction |
| Mazabraud syndrome | fibrous dysplasia combined with intramuscular myxomas |
| craniofacial fibrous dysplasia | maxillary fibous dysplasia lesions that cross suture lines |
| Chinese characters | histopathologic appearance of fibrous dysplasia; fibrous connective tissue mixed with curvilineartrabeculae of cellular woven bone |
| cemento-osseous dysplasia | most common fibro-osseous lesion; mixture of CT and bone in tooth-bearing areas of jaws |
| focal cemento-osseous dysplasia | 90% in females, begin as radiolucency and progress to radiopacity surrounded by radiolucent ring |
| periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia | multifocal cemento-osseous lesions in anterior mandible; in blacks and females |
| florid cemento-osseous dysplasia | similar to periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia but not restricted to the anterior mandible; in blacks and females |
| familial gigantiform cementoma | autosomal dominant disorder of disfiguring masses of fibro-osseous tissue |
| ossifying fibroma | true neoplasm of cellular fibrous CT mixed with cellular woven bone and cemental-like mineralization |
| juvenile ossifying fibroma | rapid growing ossifying fibroma in young adults |
| osteoma | benign tumor of mature compact / cancellous bone; opacity with no lucent rim |
| Gardner syndrome | autosomal dominant variant of familial adenomatous polyposis, secondary to mutation of APC gene; colon polyps and osteomas |
| osteoblastoma | true neoplasm of osteoblasts, histologically identical to cementoblastoma and often painful |
| osteioid osteoma | name for osteoblastoma under 2 cm in size |
| cementoblastoma | odontogenic tumor of cementoblasts directly attached to teeth and encased by PDL |
| chondroma | benign tumor of mature hyaline cartilage; if found in jaws, usually chondrosarcoma |
| osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) | malignancy of mesenchymal cells that produce osteoid; sunburst pattern on occlusal radiographs |
| post-radiation osteosarcoma | follows therapeutic radiation in head and neck; usually 4-17 year latency |
| peripheral (juxtacortical) osteosarcoma | osteosarcoma that arises from the surface of bone and grows outward |
| parosteal | type of osteosarcoma with surface origin without periosteal involvement |
| periosteal | type of osteosarcoma that arises between the cortex and periosteum, elevates the periosteum |
| chondrosarcoma | malignant tumor that forms cartilage, can calcify |
| Ewing sarcoma | primary malignant tumor of bone composed of small, undifferentiated round cells in kids; frequently metastasizes to lung, liver and lymph nodes |
| metastatic carcinoma | most common form of cancer involving the bone, most commonly the vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and skull |
| numb-chin syndrome | bone metastases in mandible and alveolar canal can produce loss of sensation in lip and chin |
Created by:
aharnold
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