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10th Grade Science

Rocks and Minerals

QuestionAnswer
-Naturally occurring solid -ordered atomic structure (atoms organized in a pattern) -distinct chemical formula -usually inorganic Minerals
Minerals are comprised of one or a combination of elements
Diamonds are made of carbon, sulfur is made of sulfur, graphite is made of carbon. All of these are examples of Minerals comprised (made) of 1 element
Calcite is made of calcium, oxygen, and carbon. This is an example of a Mineral comprised (made) of a combination of elements
The entire Earth is mostly composed (made up) of what 3 elements? Iron, Oxygen, and Silicon
Where is most of Earth's Iron? the interior of the Earth
Why is most of Earth's Iron in the interior of the Earth? because of Earth's history of being in a liquid state and because Iron is very dense
What 2 elements is Earth's crust mostly composed (made) of? Oxygen followed by Silicon
What percent of the Earth's crust is oxygen by mass and by volume? Oxygen makes up 46.10% of the Earth's crust by mass and 94.04% by volume.
What percent of the Earth's crust is Silicon by mass and by volume? Silicon makes up 28.20% of the Earth's crust by mass and 0.88% by volume.
What are some of the other elements that make up Earth's crust? Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium. Magnesium, Potassium, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen
There are thousands of minerals, but how many are COMMONLY found? relatively FEW
Color, Luster, Streak, Hardness, Atomic Structure, & Fracture/cleavage are ? The 6 characteristics that minerals are classified by
Why is classifying minerals ONLY by color not reliable? because the same mineral can have different colors if there are other impurities in it. Ex. Rose Quartz vs. Smoky Quartz
Define Streak. the powder of the mineral left behind after the mineral has been rubbed on an unglazed porcelain streak plate.
Is the color of the powdered streak always the same color as the mineral? No the powder streak can be a completely different color than the mineral's regular color. Ex. Pyrite which is a brass/gold color makes a black streak.
What is luster? the way in which light reflects off the mineral
What are the 2 most common luster classifications? Metallic and nonmetallic
What is the difference in minerals classified as having a Metallic luster vs. those classified as Nonmetallic? Metallic mineral are opaque, highly reflective, and have metallic bonding, whereas Nonmetallic minerals DO NOT share ALL 3 of these characteristics.
What are 3 ways in which minerals with Nonmetallic luster are usually classified? dull, pearly, or greasy
Minerals can also be classified by their hardness which is the mineral's ability to resist being scrathed
What is Moh's hardness scale? A numerical scale that ranks a mineral's hardness COMPARED to other minerals.
Created by: pieronek
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