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BIO127 Resp System
BIO127 EXAM 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | Uses transporters and ATP to move ions and nutrients across cell membranes |
| Acute Coryza | The common cold, an upper respiratory infection. |
| Adam's Apple | The Thyroid cartilage |
| Expiratory reserve volume | The additional amount of air that can be breathed out by force after a normal exhalation |
| Tidal volume | The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in quiet, relaxed breathing |
| Residual volume | The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation |
| Inspiratory volume | The additional amount that can be breathed in by force after a normal inhalation |
| Vital capacity | The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs by maximum exhalation after maximum inhalation |
| Functional residual capacity | The amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal exhalation |
| Total lung capacity | The total volume of air that can be contained in the lungs after maximum inhalation |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The force that moves carbon dioxide out of the tissues and oxygen into the tissues. This force also moves oxygen from air to lungs. |
| Hyperpnea | Refers to an increase in the depth and rate of breathing to meet the body's metabolic needs |
| Hypopnea | A decrease in the rate and rhythm of breathing |
| Tachypnea | An excessive rate of breathing |
| Apnea | A temporary cessation of breathing. |
| Dyspnea | A subjective feeling of difficult or labored breathing. |
| Orthopnea | A breathing difficulty that is relieved by sitting straight up |
| Hypoxemia | Deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood |
| Hypoxia | Lower than normal oxygen level in the tissues. |
| Hypocapnia | Lower than normal levels of carbon dioxide in the blood brought on by hyperventilation. This shifts the blood pH to alkalosis |
| Hypoventilation | An amount of air insufficient to meet the body's metabolic needs enters the alveoli. This increases the blood's concentration of carbon dioxide, creating acidosis |
| Pharynx | The scientific name for the throat |
| Larynx | The scientific name for the voice box |
| Trachea | The scientific name for the windpipe |
| Epiglottis | The flap of tissue that closes over the glottis (opening to the trachea) when food is swallowed |
| Nasopharynx | The most superior portion of the pharynx; located behind the nose. |
| Oropharynx | The middle portion of the pharynx; located posterior to the mouth |
| Laryngopharynx | The most inferior portion of the pharynx; opens into the larynx on the anterior side and the esophagus on the posterior side. |
| Bronchi | The two primary branches off the trachea carrying air into the lungs |
| Bronchioles | The smallest airways that branch off the main bronchi in the lungs |
| Alveoli | The functional unit of the lung; the site where external respiration occurs - oxygen moves from the air into the blood in the alveoli |
| Pleural Space | The space between the layers of the membranes covering the lungs |
| Carbon Dioxide | End product of cellular respiration. Nearly 100% dissolved in blood plasma, combined with protein portion of hemoglobin, or transported as bicarbonate. Goes back to the lungs where it is exhaled. |
| Carbon Monoxide | Poisonous to the human body because it binds to the oxygen in our hemoglobin, causing suffocation |
| Respiratory Acid-Base Balance | Carbon dioxide important in regulating. More carbon dioxide, more acidic; less carbon dioxide, more alkaline. Hypoventilation increases carbon dioxide or acid; Hyperventilation decreases carbon dioxide and makes for an alkaline condition. |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Diseases that are chronic (long term) in nature and cause destruction, blockage, dilation of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Dyspnea is common. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are examples |
| Tuberculosis | A bacterial infection that is spread by droplets, not by food or contact. Distinguished by formation of tubercles |
| Pneumothorax | Air in the chest |
| Thoracentesis | Procedure to puncture the chest, literally. This is a procedure by which fluid or air is removed from the pleural space or thoracic cavity. |
| Tracheotomy | An incision in the trachea - usually to make a temporary or permanent airway. |
| Tracheostomy | A surgically created opening into the trachea for purposes of breathing - may be temporary or permanent. |
| Pneumonia | Infectious inflammation of the lungs in which air spaces become filled with fluid or EXUDATE. May be caused by either viruses or bacteria and may be located in lobes, alveoli (cystic), or bronchi. |
Created by:
Marlys
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