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A&P II Chapter 27 SG
Nutrition Study Guide
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the four classes of macromolecules? | Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids |
List two monosaccharides: | Glucose, fructose |
What is the empirical formula of a monosaccharide? | C6H12O6 |
Which disaccharide is a table sugar? | Sucrose |
Which two monosaccharides make up sucrose? | Glucose and fructose |
Which disaccharide is milk sugar? | Lactose |
Which two monosaccharides make up lactose? | Glucose and galactose |
List the three polysaccharides: | Starch, cellulose, glycogen |
What are the monomers of any protein? | Amino acids |
What is the difference between and essential amino acid and a non-essential amino acid? | Essentials must be obtained from the diet. Non-essentials can be synthesized |
What is the difference between and complete protein and incomplete protein? | Complete supplies all essential amino acids. An incomplete is missing one or more |
Are nucleic acids required in the diet? | No |
List two water-soluble vitamins | All B-vitamins, Vitamin C |
Which four vitamins are lipid soluble? | ADEK |
Which vitamin forms the pigment retinal in the retina of the eye? | A |
Which vitamin increases Ca reabsorption | D |
Which vitamin stabilizes cell membranes? | E |
Which vitamin serves in blood clotting? | K |
Which hormone requires iodine in its structure? | Thyroid hormone |
Where is Thyroid hormone produced? | Thyroid gland |
What is the difference between major minerals and trace minerals? | Major needs >100mg/day, trace needs <100mg/day |
Give an example of a major mineral | Ca |
What foods contain cholesterol? | Animal-based |
Can cholesterol be synthesized by the body? | Yes |
Cholesterol can be synthesized by what organ? | Liver |
Give one important function of cholesterol | Precursor molecule for the formation of steroid hormones |
About how long does the absorptive state last? | 4h after a meal |
What hormone is released with high BS? | Insulin |
Which hormone is released with Low BS? | Glucagon |
What is the functional unit of the liver? | Lobules |
List two major functions of the liver | Formation of albumins, cholesterol synthesis |
What does "glycolysis" literally mean? | Destruction of glucose |
What is the term for the amount of energy expended at rest? | Basal metabolic rate |