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A&P II Chapter 27
Nutrition
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nutrient | Chemicals obtained from food that are necessary for normal function of cells |
Vitamin | Organic molecule required for metabolism, yet are only available in small amounts in diet |
Carbohydrates | An organic molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
Monosaccharide | The simplest carbohydrate molecules |
Disaccharide | Carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides |
Polysaccharides | Class of carbs composed of three or more monosaccharide monomers |
Lipid | Group of organic molecules including triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and ecosanoids |
Triglycerides | Lipid providing long-term energy storage in adipose connective tissue; composed of glycerol and three fatty acids |
Protein | Organic molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids |
Amino acid | Organic molecule used to build protwins |
Absorption | Process of moving substances into blood or lymph |
Glycolysis | Stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is partially catabolyzed to form pyretic acid and ATP molecules |
Citric Acid Cycle | A cyclic metabolic pathway that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria during which energy in the bonds of acytl coA is transferred to form ATP, NADH, and FADH |
Electron transport system | Involves the transfer of hydrogen and an electron from the coenzymes NADH and FADH |
Calorie | The amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gallon of water by 1 degree C |
Metabolic rate | Amount of energy used in a given time period |
Metabolism | All chemical reactions taking place in the body, including both anabolic and catabolic reactions |