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Muscle System
Ch. 6 flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractibility | shorten with force |
| excitability | respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | recoil to original resting length after being stretched |
| epimysium | skeletal muscle surrounded by connective tissue sheath |
| fascia | connective tissue outside epimysium. surrounds and separates muscle |
| perimysium | muscle composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi, surrounded by loose connective tissue |
| fibers | fasciculi composed of single muscle cells |
| endomysium | surrounded by connective sheath |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one fiber to the other |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | actin and myosin myofilaments join end to end to form myofibril |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| neuromuscular junction | each branch that connects to the muscle near the center of the cell |
| synapse | branch that connects to the muscle near the center of the cell |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic terminal | space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell |
| synaptic vesicles | presynaptic terminal |
| acetylcholine | secrete a neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | acetylcholine released into synaptic cleft between the muscle and neuron and muscle cell, rapidly broken down by enzymes |
| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| threshold | muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level |
| all-or-none response | the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | time which the muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where muscles remain contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| creatine phosphate | when at rest they cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose, replenish depleted phosphate in muscle cells |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in muscle cells |
| isometric | length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly. well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism |
| slow- twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movement |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| mastication | chewing |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| abdominal wall muscles | muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectorals major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, an powerfully extends the arm |
| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, abductor of the upper limb |
| Triceps brachii | Extends the forearm |
| Biceps brachii | Flexes the forearm |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| retinaculum | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| gluteus Maximus | buttocks |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg; anterior muscles |
| Sartorius | "tailors muscle" ; flexes the thigh |
| hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle |
| calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) | flex the foot and toes |
| intrinsic foot | 20 muscles located within the foot, muscles flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes |
Created by:
kirissa
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