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FOR360-1
Forestry 360 Range Management Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This animal is the predator that causes the greatest number of sheep losses in the western US. | Coyote |
| This is the common name for plants that cause more cattle deaths in Montana than any other plant species. | Larkspurs |
| This animal is the wild ungulate species that appears to have the greatest social aversion to livestock. | Bighorn |
| This is caused by certain poisonous plants and results in an "allergic reaction to sunlight" in that there is a swelling of the head and sloughing of skin in light-colored animals exposed to sunlight. These substances poison the liver. | Photosensitivity |
| This is a wild ungulate species that has little or no aversion to grazing with cattle and sheep. | Pronghorn Antelope |
| The natural abode of a plant or animal including all biotic, climatic, and edaphic factors affecting its life. | Habitat |
| This animal has the greatest problem with sheep fences. | Pronghorn Antelope |
| This micro nutrient is often deficient in Montana and the Northwest. This deficiency causes white muscle disease. | Selenium |
| This animal will use coprophagy to improve utilization of protein. | Horse |
| Which animal is best suited for rangelands dominated by tall, course grass? | Horses |
| Spring cattle grazing on mule deer range has been shown to be effective in increasing ... | Shrubs |
| The 11 western states support about what percentage of the nations cattle? | 20 % |
| Which of the following animals consume the highest amount of forage as a percent of body weight? | horse |
| The primary advantage to cecal digestion of fiber is? | Fiber moves through system more quickly w/o great reduction in particle size. |
| Do low corn and wheat prices actually reduce the demand for beef? Explain. | Make poultry / pork more economical. |
| Risk category associated withe rangeland production. (4) | Climatic Risks |
| Risk category associated withe rangeland production. (4) | Financial uncertainty |
| Risk category associated withe rangeland production. (4) | Political Risks |
| Risk category associated withe rangeland production. (4) | Biological risks |
| Why are cell contents digested more rapidly than cell walls? | Cell walls contain cellulose + hemicellulose. |
| If you were a rancher in a semiarid rangeland in the western U.S. how would you minimize biological and financial risks associated with drought? | Conservative stocking rates (30-35%) |
| Do prairie dogs have any beneficial aspects on rangeland ecosystems grazed by livestock? Explain. | Yes. Important for turning soil, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity aspects. |
| Livestock obtain high amounts of fats from rangeland plants. | False |
| Common use grazing refers to an area grazed by several different livestock producers. | False |
| Potassium is the most limiting mineral nutrient on most rangelands. | False |
| Leaves of grasses generally are a better source of nitrogen than grass stems. | True |
| Grasses have higher digestibility than shrubs and forbs at comparable stages of maturity. | False |
| Fixed costs are expenses that do not vary with number of livestock. | True |
| Heterosis or hybrid vigor is considered a negative consequence of cross-breeding programs. | False |
| The rumen system allows for efficient digestion of lignin. | False |
| The cecum system allows for digestion of cellulose. | True |
| Annual livestock losses from poisonous plants on western rangelands average over 20% / year. | False |
| The animals classified as browsers experience digestive upset when they consume large amounts of forbs. | False |
| Periodic drought is not a concern for ranchers when forage use rates are set to 50%. | False |
| Generally, energy supplementation is the most financially effective supplement when grasses and forbs are dominant and shrubs are lacking. | False |
| The rumen is an enlarged portion of the digestive tract that food enters after the true stomach. | False |
| Bacteria associated with the digestive tracts of grazing animals can synthesize water soluble vitamins. | True |
| Wild and domestic ungulates get some of their mineral nutrients by eating soil. | True |
| Cellulose is a common component of plants in which only ruminants have digestive enzymes capable of breaking down the material into a usable energy. | False |
| Metabolic rates of range animals often decrease during periods of low forage quality. | True |
| Range cattle are grazers and therefore browse is unimportant in their nutritional needs. | False |
| Overgrazing of rangelands is a major cause of increases in poisonous plants and livestock losses. | True |
| Of the toxic substances that are found in plants, alkaloids are generally considered only mildly toxic and rarely cause large problems to livestock producers. | False |
| Cattle should not be grazed on elk winter ranges. | False |
| As a range manager over a livestock operation with areas where waterfowl nest how would you continue to graze your ranch with livestock but reduce impacts on the waterfowl. | Rest rotation. |
| Management plan for wildlife | Direct effects, indirect effects, and operational. |
| Edge effect | Areas where 2 or more habitats come together. Generally considered desirable accept when human created. |
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JGILL40167
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