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CHP 12
MicroBiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy? | to administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent without harming the host's cells THE PERFECT DRUG DOESNT EXIST!! |
| ___________ Are common metabolic products of bacteria and fungus | antibiotics |
| inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms in the same habitat reduces competition for nutrients | antibiotics |
| new drugs are created by chemically altering the structure of naturally occurring antibiotics to create semi synthetic drugs | chemistry and antibiotics |
| some natural compounds cant be obtained without the destruction of a habitat or organismal population | synthetic drugs |
| what are the three factors that must be known before starting antimicrobial therapy | the identity of the microorganism causing the infection the degree of microoranisms susceptibility (sensitivity) to various drugs the overall medical condtion of the patient |
| ________________________ of the infectious agent from body specimens should be attempted as soon as possible | Identification |
| the surface of a late of special medium is spread with test bacterium | kirby-bauer technique |
| profile of antimicrobial sensitivity | antibiogram |
| the ratio of the dose of the drug that is toxic to humans to its minimum effective(therapeutic) dose TI is 1.1 is a riskier choice than a TI of 10 | therapeutic index |
| central concept in antibiotic treatment antimicrobial drugs should kill or inhibit microbial cells w/o simultaneously damaging host tissues the best drug in current use block the actions or synthesis of molecules in microorganisms not vertebrate cell | selective toxicity |
| what are the magnet targets of chemotherapeutic agents? | inhibition of cell wall synthesis inhibition of nucleic acid(DNA & RNA) structure and function inhibition of protein synthesis interference with cell membrane structure or function inhibition of folic acid synthesis |
| effective against more than one group of bacteria | broad spectrum drugs |
| only targets a specific group ex: polymyxin & penicillins | narrow spectrum drugs |
| can be obtained naturally or synthesized in the laboratory consists of three parts: thiazolidine ring beta lactam ring variable side chain | penicillins |
| narrow is | penicillins |
| broad is | tetracyclines |
| natural parent compound and synthetic derivatives | tetracyclines |
| first modern antimicrobial drugs synthetic: dont originate from bacteria or fungi sulfisoxazole silver sulfadiazine trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole | sulfonamides or sulfa drugs |
| high potency broad spectrum side effects: seizures and other brain disturbances | fluorquinolones |
| what are the three major modes of action? | barring penetration of the virus into the host cell blocking the transcription and translation of viral molecules preventing maturation of viral particles |
| adaptive responses in which microorganisms begin to tolerate an amount of drug that would ordinarily be inhibitory due too the genetic versatility and adaptivity of microbial populations | drug resistance |
| bacteria must be resistant to any antibiotic that they themselves produce | intrinsic |
| bacterial resistance to a drug to which they were previously sensative | acquired resistance |
| preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals and humans to improve intestinal biota replace microbes lost during antimicrobial therapy ex:YOGURT | probiotics |
| start growth nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestine | prebiotics |
| bind to the enamel of teeth, causing a permanent gray to brown discoloration can cause liver damage in pregnant women cross the placenta and are deposited in fetal bones and teeth | tetracycline |
| most common complaint associated with oral antimicrobial therapy also caused by disruption of the intestinal microbiota (BACTERIA) | diarrhea |
| drug that acts as an antigen that stimulates the allergic response | allergy |
| beneficial resident species are destroyed through antibiotic therapy microbes once small in number begin to overgrow and causes diseases | superinfection |
Created by:
CaylahMone
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