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chapter 4 vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
ATP | molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes |
ADP | a lower-energy molecule that can be converted ATP by the addition of a phosphate group |
chemosynthesis | process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy storing carbon-based molecules. |
photosynthesis | captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy |
chlorophyll | a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light |
thylakoid | membrane-bound structure within chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis |
light-dependent reaction | part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions |
light-independent reaction | part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to synthesis carbohydrates |
photosystem | energy is captured and transferred in the thylakoid membranes by two groups of molecules |
electron transport system | series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoid |
ATP synthase | part of a complex enzyme |
calvin cycle | process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from CO2 |
cellular respiration | releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present |
aerobic | needs oxygen to take place |
glycolysis | splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP |
anaerobic | doesn't need oxygen to take place |
krebs cycle | produces molecules that carry energy to the 2nd part of cellular respiration |
fermentation | doesn't make ATP, allows glycolysis to continue |
lactic acid | causes your molecules to "burn" during hard exercise |