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Chapter 6 muscles
Chapter 6
| question | answer |
|---|---|
| Occipitofrontalis | raise of the eyebrow |
| Orbicularis | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corner of the eye. |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| Orbicularis and buccinator | kissing lips |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| Muscles of the Head and neck | facial muscles |
| Mastication | chewing |
| How many pairs mastication muscles ? | four |
| How many pair of pterygoids? | two |
| Intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Platysma | sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck |
| Erector spine | group of muscles on each side of the back. |
| Responsibility of erector spine | keeping back straight and body erect |
| Thoracic Muscle | mucsles that move the thorax |
| Most involved in breathing | External intercostals and Internal intercostals |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| Diaphragm shape | Dome-shape muscle |
| Abdominal wall muscle | flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, hold in the abdominal viscera |
| Linea alba | the tendinous area of the abdominal wall |
| What does the Linea alba consist of ? | white connective tissue rather than muscle |
| Tendinous inscriptions | Crosses the rectus abdominis at three or more locations |
| Scapular Movement | Trapezius, Serratus Anterior |
| Trapezius | Rotates scapula |
| Serratus Anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Arm Movement | Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, Deltoid muscle |
| what is the arm attacked to? | Attached to thorax |
| Pectoralis Major | adducts and flexes arm |
| Latissimus Doris | Medially rotates, adducts, powerfully extends the arm, |
| Swimmer Muscles | Latissimus Doris |
| Deltoid | Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle. major abductor of Upper Limb |
| Forearm Movement | Triceps Brachii, Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis |
| Triceps Brachii | Extends the forearm, Occupies the Posterior compartment of the arm |
| Biceps Brachii | Flexes the forearm, Occupies the anterior compartment of arm |
| Brachialis | Flexes forarm |
| Broachioradialis | Flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Wrist Movement | Flexor, Extensor Carpi |
| Fingers Movement | Flexor, Extensor digitorum |
| Flexor Carpi | Flexes the wrist |
| Externsor Carpi | Extends the wrist |
| Flexor Digitorum | Flexes the fingers |
| Extends Digitorum | Extends the fingers |
| How many hand Muscles | 19 |
| Intrinsic Hands Muscles | Hand muscles |
| Interossi Muscles | located between metacarpals, respondible for abduction and adduction of the fingers |
| Thigh Movement | Gluteus maximus, Gluteus Medius |
| Gluteus Maximus | Buttocks, Contributes most of the mass |
| Gluteus Medius | Hip muscles and common injection site. |
| Leg movement | Quadriceps femoris, Sartorius, Hamstring muscles |
| Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg, anterior thigh muscle |
| Sartorius | Tailors Muscle, flexes thigh |
| Hamstring Muscle | Posterior thigh muscle, flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscles |
| Calcaneal tendon | flex the foot and toes |
| Achilles tendons | Calcaneal tendons |
| Peroneus Muscle | The lateral muscles of the leg |
| intrinsic foot muscle | flex extends, abduct, adduct the toes |
| 20 muscles located with the foot | Intrinsic foot muscles |
| 4 major Functions | Contractility, Excitablilty, Extensibility, Elasticity |
| Contractility | Ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | Capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | Ability to stretched |
| Elasticity | recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| Epimysium | Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue sheath |
| Fascia | Connective tissue located outside Epimysium, surrounds and separates muscles. |
| Permiysium | surrounded by loose connective tissue |
| Fibers | Fasciculi are composed of single muscles |
| Endomysium | Each fiber is surrounded by connective tissue sheath |
| cytoplasm of each fiber | Myofibrils |
| Myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. |
| Actin Myofilaments | thin, 2 minutes strands of pearls twisted together |
| Myosin | thick, bundles of minute golf clubs |
| Sacomeres | Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units |
| Resting membrane potential | outside of most cell membranes is positively charged, inside of the cell membrane, negatively charged. |
| Motor neurons | nerve cells carry actin potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Muscle Twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a simulus that causes the actin potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| 3 phases | lag, contraction, relaxation |
| Lag Phase | beginning of a contraction |
| Contraction Phase | time of contraction |
| Relaxation Phase | time during which the muscle relaxes |
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