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Bio- Chapter 4
Bio- Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mitochondrion | transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP |
| Ribosome | organizes the synthesis of proteins |
| ER | prepares proteins for export (rough ER); synthesizes steriods, regualtes calcium levels, breaks down toxic substances (smooth ER) |
| Golgi Body | processes and packages substances produced by the cell |
| Lysosome | digests molecules, old organelles, and forgien substances |
| Microfibers and microtubules | contribute to the support, movement, and division of cells |
| Cilia and flagella | propel cells through the environment; move materials over the cell surface |
| Nucleus | stores hereditary information in DNA; synthesizes RNA and ribosomes |
| Cell Wall | supports and protects the cell |
| Vacuole | stores enzymes and waste products |
| Plastid | stores food or pigments; one type (chloroplast) transfers energy from light to organic compounds |
| Organization of Multicellular Organisms | 1. Cell 2. Tissues 3. Organs 4. Systems 5. Organism |
| Region in Prokaryotic cells DNA | Nucleoid |
| Higher magnification | Lower resolution |
| Cell | the smallest unit that can carry on the process of life |
| Cell Theory | 1. all living things are made of one or more cell 2. cells are the units of stucture and function in an organism 3. cells come only from preexsiting cells |
| Cell Membrane | the lipid bilayer that froms the outer boundary of a cell |
| Eukaryote | a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Prokaryote | a unicellular organism that lacxks a nucleus andmembrane bound organelles |
| Organelle | one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in Eukaryotic cells |
| Cytoskeleton | maintains size and shape of the cell |
| Actin | protein that makes up microfilaments |
| Nuclear Envelope | double membrane surrounding the nucleus |
| Chromatin | a combination of DNA and protein in the nucleus |
| Nuclear Pores | small holes in the nuclear envelope |
| Nucleolus | where ribosomes are synthesized |
| Microfilaments | the smallest strands that make up the cytoskeleton |
| Organ | several types of tissue that interact to preform a specific function |
| Organ System | made up of a group of organs that work together to preform a set of related tasks |
| Tissue | groups of cells that carry out a specific function |
| Central Vacuole | in plant cells, a large, membrane bound sac that stores water, nutrients, or other substances |
| Chloroplasts | in plants, organelles that use light to make organic compounds |
| Vesicle | a small, membrane bound sac |
| Most functions of a Eukaryotic cell are controlled by the cells | Nucleus |
| Smooth ER lacks | ribosomes |
| SI | a system of meausrement based on powers of 10 |
| Electrom Microscope | uses a beam of electrons to form an image of a specimen |
| TEM | micrograph revealing a cells internal structre on fine detail |
| Magnification | making an image look larger than it actually is |
| Light Microscope | light passes through one or more lenses to produce a magnified image of a specimen |
| Resolution | a measure of an image's clarity |
| van Leeuwenhoek | invented the first microscope; viewed an "animacules" in pond water |
| Hooke | looked at a piece of cork through a microscope and found the dead tree cells; came up with the term "cell" |
| Schleiden | "all plants are made up of cells" |
| Virchow | "all cells come from preexsisting cells" |
| Scanning Electron Microscope | produces highly magnified 3-D images of a cells surface |
| Phospholipid | a lipid made of a phosphate group and fatty acids |
| Kingdoms: Eukaryotic | Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protus |
| Kingdoms: Prokaryotic | Bacteria, Archea |
| Extra Credit: What are the two countries who do not use the metric system? | America and Sierra Leone |
Created by:
sng4fd
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