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Earthquakes/Volcanoe
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface |
| deformation | the change in the shape or volume of the crust |
| shearing | pushes a mass of rock in 2 opposite directions |
| fault | a break in Earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other |
| strike slip fault | the rocks on either side of the fault slide past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion, caused by shearing |
| normal fault | one block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below it, caused by tension |
| reverse fault | the hanging wall slide upward past the footwall, caused by compression |
| folds | a bend in rock that forms when compression shortens and thickens part of the crust |
| anticline | a fold that bends upwards in an arch |
| syncline | a fold that bends downward in the middle to form a bowl |
| plateau | a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level |
| focus | the point beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake |
| epicenter | the point on the surface directly above the focus |
| seismic waves | vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake travels outward in all directions from the focus |
| seismograph | detects seismic waves by recording ground movements |
| volcano | a weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface |
| magma | a molten mixture of rock forming substances, gasses and water from the mantle |
| lava | magma that reaches the surface |
| ring of fire | a major volcanic belt, formed by the many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean |
| hot spot | an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torch, often lie in the middle of continental or oceanic plates, far from any plate boundaries |
| magma chamber | magma that collects in a pocket inside a volcano |
| crater | a bowl-shaped area around a volcano's central vent where lava may collect |
| dormant | a volcano that is not active now but my become active again the in the future |
| geyser | a fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground |
| pahoehoe | hot, fast moving lava |
| aa | cooler, slow moving lava |
| shield volcano | forms when thin layers of lava pour out of a vent and harden on top of previous layers, this gradually builds a wide, gently sloping mountain |
| caldera | the huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain, the hole is filled with the places of the volcano that have fallen inward, as well as some lava and ash |
| volcanic neck | forms when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe |
| batholith | formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust; large rock masses that forms the core of many mountain ranges |
Created by:
leannezecco
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