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Rock Cycle
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Rock Cycle | the series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes |
Rock | a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter |
Erosion | the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment forms again by geologist processes |
Deposition | the process in which material is laid down |
Compostion | the chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock |
Texture | the quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock's grains |
Uplift | the movement within the Earth that causes rock inside the Earth to be moved to the Earth's surface |
Lava Flow | when lava flows from a volcano or from fissures in the earth |
Batholiths | the largest of all igneous intrusions |
Plutons | large irregular-shaped intrusive bodies |
Dikes | intrusive bodies that are exposed over smaller areas than batholiths |
Sills | sheetlike intrusions that cut across previous rock units |
Intrusive Igneous Rock | rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth's surface. |
Extrusive Igneous Rock | rock that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the Earth's surface |
Mafic Rock | Dark-colored rocks; rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium, and poor in silicon |
Magma | liquid rock |
Strata | layers of rock (singular, stratum) |
Fossiliferous Limestone | cemented together animal remains |
Stratification | the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers |
Organic Sedimentary Rocks | forms from once- living plants or animals |
Mud Cracks | indicate the location of an old lake, stream, or shoreline; formed when fine-grained sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to air and dry out |
Ripple Marks | marks left from oceans, rivers, lakes, and sand dunes |
index minerals | rocks that only form at certain temps and pressures and are used to estimate the temp, depth, and pressure at which a rock undergoes metamorphism |
recrystallization | when the crystals of a mineral change in composition |
folitated | the texture of a metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands |
nonfolitated | the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands |
metamorphism | when a rock goes through a process of change |
contact meta | occurs near igneous intrusions |
regional meta | when pressure builds up in rock that is buried deep below other rock formations or when large pieces of Earth's crust collide with each other. |
deformation | a change in the shape of a rock caused by a force placed on it |