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A&P Chapter 12:1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does axonal transport do? Why do many proteins involved return back to cell body? | Moves material in the neuron, recycling back into cell body |
| What is movement away from a cell body called? | Anterograde |
| What is movement toward a cell body called? | Retrograde |
| What is fast axonal transport a result of? | Movement along microtubules |
| Materials from anterograde movement are required for what? | Synapse |
| What might materials that move in retrograde be classified as? | Harmful materials |
| Does slow axonal transport require ATP? | No |
| What kind of movement does slow axonal transport do? | Moves down (anterograde) |
| What is slow axonal transport important for? | Developing and Regenerating neurons |
| What is a multipolar neuron? | Multiple dendrites and one axon |
| What is a bipolar neuron? | One dendrite and one axon |
| What is a unipolar neuron? What does it emerge from? | Multiple dendrites and one fused axon, emerges as a "T" from cell body |
| What does "-glia" mean? | "Glue" |
| What is the size of neuroglia in relation to neurons? | Smaller than neurons, more abundant in number |
| Are neuroglia capable of mitosis? | Yes |
| Do neuroglia transmit nerve signals? What do they do instead? | No, they assist in the functions |
| Where are neuroglia found? | CNS and PNS |
| What is the most abundant CNS neuroglia? | Astrocytes |
| What do astrocytes look like? | Big cell with multiple branches |
| What do astrocytes touch? | Capillary walls and neurons |
| What do astrocytes help form? What do they form it with? | Blood brain barrier, Formed with perivascular feet |
| What do astrocytes secrete? This helps promote ________ growth & _________ formation. | Secrete nerve growth factors, Neuron, Synapse |
| What do astrocytes form? | Structural network |
| What do astrocytes regulate? | Fluid tissue composition |
| What do astrocytes regulate the chemical composition of? Where? | Interstitial fluid, In the brain |
| What do astrocytes convert blood glucose to? What do they supply it to? | Lactate, supply to neurons for nourishment |
| What do astrocytes occupy? | Occupy space of dying neurons |
| When neurons are damaged, what do they do? | Fill space by astrocyte mitosis |
| What is this process called? (2 answers) | Astrocytosis and Sclerosis |
| What do ependymal cells look like? Do they have roots? What do they lack? | Simple Cuboidal with Cilia, Yes they have roots but lack a basement membrane |
| What do ependymal cells line? (2 answers) | Ventricles of brain and Central Canal of spinal cord |
| What do ependymal cells produce? | Cerebral Spinal Fluid |
| What do ependymal cells and nearby blood capillaries produce? | Choroid Plexus |
| What do the cilia of ependymal cells help do? | |
| What do microglial cells look like? | |
| What kind of cells are microglial cells? | |
| Microglial cells are what kind of cells of the immune system? | |
| Do microglial cells move? How/Where? | |
| What do microglial cells replicate in response to? | |
| What do oligodendrocytes look like? | |
| Where does each extension go? What do they wrap around? | |
| What is this wrapping called? | |
| What does the myelin sheath help prevent? | |
| What does the myelin sheath protect the nerve from? | |
| One Oligodendrocyte wraps around many __________. | |
| How are satellite cells shaped? | |
| What do satellite cells go around (in what?) | |
| What do satellite cells provide? | |
| What do satellite cells separate? | |
| How are schwann cells shaped? | |
| What might schwann cells wrap around repeatedly? What does this form? | |
| What can schwann cells assist in? | |
| Are myelin sheaths insulating or non- insulating? | |
| What does the myelin sheath surround? | |
| The myelin sheath consists of repeating ___________ layers of __________ membrane of _________ cells. | |
| The myelin sheath consists of what percentage of proteins? Lipids? | |
| What is myelination? | |
| What is myelination in the CNS called? | |
| What is myelination in the PNS called? | |
| When does myelination begin? | |
| Is there a large or small amount of myelin in the brain at birth? | |
| When is myelination complete? | |
| What is a nutritional need for myelination to occur? | |
| In PNS myelination, what do schwann cell encircle? | |
| What does the cell do as it continues to wrap around the axon? | |
| What is external to the neurilemma? | |
| What are the gaps between the cells called? | |
| In CNS myelination, what do oligodendrocytes myelinate? | |
| What wraps repeatedly around portions of axons? | |
| Is a neurilemma formed? | |
| Is an endoneurium formed? | |
| Are nodes of Ranvier created in the CNS? | |
| Are unmyelinated axons associated with schwann cells? | |
| Does a myelin sheath cover them? | |
| Where does the axon rest? | |
| Are unmyelinated axons in the CNS associated with oligodendrocytes? | |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves progressive demyelination of what? | |
| MS involves the destruction of what? | |
| What kind of disorder is MS? | |
| With MS, what do antibodies attack? | |
| What is disrupted with MS? What becomes impaired? |
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