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Nervous System
12.2 Nervous Tissue - Neurons
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary tissue of the nervous system? | Nervous tissue |
| What are the two distinct cell types in nervous tissue? | Neurons and glial cells |
| What are neurons? | Excitable cells that initiate and transmit electrical signals |
| What are glial cells? | Non excitable cells that support and protect neurons |
| What are the characteristics of a neuron? | Excitability, conductivity, secretion, extreme longevity, and amitotic |
| What is excitability? | A response to stimulus ( chemical, stretch, pressure change) |
| What is conductivity? | an electrical change that is quickly produced along the plasma membrane as voltage- gated channels open |
| What is secretion? | When neurons release neurotransmitters in response to a conductive activity |
| What is extreme longevity? | Neurons formed during fetal development but are still functional in elderly individuals |
| What is amitotic? | mitotic activity that is lost in most neurons |
| What is a cell body? | Serve as neurons control center |
| What is perikaryon? | cytoplasm within cell body |
| What is chromatophilic substance? | Free and bound ribosomes that are stained dark by dyes |
| What are dendrites? | short, small, tapering, unmyelinated processes that branch off the cell body |
| What do dendrites do? | Receive input then transfer it to cell body for processing- greater the number of dendrites the more input a neuron will receive |
| What is a axon? | a longer process emanating from the cell body to make contact with other neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells |
| What is a axon hillock? | triangular region of the cell body that extends from the axon |
| What is axoplasm? | cytoplasm within the axon |
| What is the axolemma? | Plasma membrane of the axon |
| What is the axon collaterals? | Side branches of the axon |
| What are telodendria? | fine terminal extensions |
| What are synaptic knobs? | extreme tips of the telodendria |
| What are synaptic vesicles? | within the snaptic knobs, containing nerotransmitters |
| What is a cyoskeleton? | a neuron composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules |
| What is anterograde transport? | the movement of materials from cell body to synaptic knob |
| What is retrograde transport? | the movement of materials from synaptic knob to cell body |
| What is fast axonal transport? | 400 millimeters per day |
| What is slow axonal transport? | 0.1 to 3 millimeters per day |
| What are multipolar neurons? | Most common type, have many dendrites and single axon |
| What are bipolar neurons? | Have two processes that extend from cell body, one dendrite and one axon |
| What are unipolar neurons? | Have single, short neuron process that emerges from the cell body and branches like a T |
| What are anaxonic neurons? | only have dendrite and no axon |
| What are the three classifications of neurons? | Sensory, motor, interneurons |
| What are sensory neurons? | Neurons of sensory nervous system, responsible for conducting sensory input from both somatic & visceral sensory receptors |
| What are motor neurons? | Neurons of motor nervous system, conducting motor output from CNS to both somatic & visceral effectors |
| What are interneurons? | Lie entirely within CNS. Receive stimulation from many other neurons and carry out the integrative function of the nervous system. |
Created by:
rpill
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