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EarthEnvironSci
Earth Environmental Science - Dobbins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Out of geology, astronomy, oceanography & astrology, which is NOT one of the main areas of Earth Science? | astrology |
| What is the study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate? | meteorology |
| How were the inner planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars - formed? | repeated collisions of asteroid-sized debris |
| According to nebular hypothesis, our solar system is formed from a huge rotating cloud made of what? | helium & hydrogen |
| What are the outer planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune - made up of? | water, carbon dioxide, ammonia & methane |
| What are earth's four spheres? | hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere & biosphere |
| Define, lithosphere. | the crust and uppermost mantle that makes up the rigid outer layer of Earth |
| What is the driving force for the movement of the lithospheric plates? | unequal distribution of heat within Earth |
| Define, latitude. | the distance, measured in degrees, north and south of the equator |
| On a global grid, where is the prime meridian located? | 0 degrees longitude |
| How could two points 35 degrees north of the equator - one in North America and the other in China - be distinguished using map coordinates? | by their longitude |
| What type of map best shows differences in elevation? | topographic maps |
| What does a Mercator projection map show? | accurate directions, but has distorted sizes and distances |
| Because there is only a small amount of distortion over a local area, what type of map is used for road maps? | Mercator projection map |
| What do contour lines that form a circle indicate on a topographic map? | a hill |
| Define, system. | any size group of interacting parts that form a complex whole |
| What are the two sources of energy for the Earth system? | the sun and Earth's interior |
| What process is driven by the sun's energy? | weather and ocean circulation |
| What is powered by the energy from Earth's interior? | a volcano |
| Of the following, air pollution, flooding, hurricane, & earthquakes, which is an environmental hazard created by humans? | air pollution |
| Of the following, air pollution, water pollution, mountain building, & deforestation, which is NOT caused by human interactions? | mountain building |
| How could the building of a dam affect the Earth's system? | a dam could cause the flooding of a nearby forest, it could destroy a fish species that needs swiftly moving water and it could block the migration of spawning fish |
| What is coal an example of? | a non-renewable resource |
| What is the energy from flowing water and example of? | a renewable resource |
| Of the following, natural gas, solar energy, copper & oil, which is NOT an example of a nonrenewable resource? | solar energy |
| Of the following, cotton, lumber, chicken & iron, which is NOT an example of a renewable resource? | iron |
| How can a scientific hypothesis become a theory? | if the hypothesis is tested extensively and competing hypotheses are eliminated |
| Define, scientific hypothesis. | a preliminary untested explanation that tries to explain how or why things happen in the manner observed |
| What may a hypothesis be elevated to in a scientific inquiry when competing hypotheses have been eliminated? | a theory |
| Of the following, carbon, silicon, oxygen & aluminum, which is NOT one of the eight most common elements in Earth's continental crust? | carbon |
| What is the most abundant element in Earth's continental crust by weight? | oxygen |
| What are the building blocks of minerals? | elements |
| What is the central region of an atom called? | nucleus |
| Define, atom. | the smallest particle of an element that still retains all the element's properties |
| If the atomic number of an element is 6 and its mass number is 14, how many neutrons are contained in the nucleus? | 8 |
| Define, ion. | an atom that loses or gains electrons |
| Define, isotopes. | atoms containing the same number of protons and different number of neutrons |
| How do isotopes of the same element differ? | in the number of neutrons |
| How is the mass number of an atom obtained? | by totaling the number of protons & neutrons |
| Define, compound. | when two or more elements bond together in definite proportions |
| What subatomic particles are most involved in chemical bonding? | valence electrons |
| What are the main types of chemical bonds? | ionic, covalent & metallic |
| What type of chemical bond forms between positive and negative ions? | ionic |
| What do compounds with high melting points have? | ionic bonds |
| Who made the first accurate measurement of the size of Earth? | Eratosthenes |
| What did Aristotle conclude? | the Earth was round because is always casts a curved shadow during a lunar eclipse |
| What did the geocentric model of the universe state? | Earth was the center of the universe |
| What did the Ptolemaic model of the universe state? | Earth was the center of the universe |
| Define, mass. | a measure of the total amount of matter an object contains |
| Using Tycho Brahe's data, what scientist proposed three laws of planetary motion? | Kepler |
| Who was the first early astronomer to propose a sun-centered solar system? | Copernicus |
| Define, weight. | the force that gravity exerts on an object |
| What is the shape of a planet's orbit? | elliptical |
| What law states that each planet revolves so that an imaginary line connecting it to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal time intervals? | the second law of planetary motion |
| What scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy? | Galileo |
| What scientist determined the nature of the forces that keep the planets in their orbits? | Newton |
| Who discovered the true shape of planetary orbits? | Kepler |
| According to the third law of planetary motion, what is the period of revolution of a planet related to? | the planet's distance to the sun |
| What is the movement known as precession? | Earth's axis slowly but continuously points in different directions |
| What movement of Earth is responsible for night and day? | rotation |
| What causes seasons? | Earth's tilted axis |
| What is the moon's period of rotation if the period of revolution is 27-1/3 days? | 27-1/3 days |
| How long does it take the moon to go from full-moon phase to new-moon phase? | two weeks |
| What occurs when the moon casts it shadow on Earth? | solar eclipse |
| What must happen for a solar eclipse occur? | the moon's orbit must cross the plane of the ecliptic |
| Of the following, total solar eclipse, total lunar eclipse, partial lunar eclipse & a full moon, what are we most likely to experience? | full moon |
| What statement best explains why the moon has more craters than Earth? | weathering and erosion do not occur on the moon |
| Of the following planets, Venus, Mars, Uranus and Pluto, which is known to have rings? | Uranus |
| Of the following planets, Earth, Saturn, Neptune & Uranus, which is NOT a Jovian planet? | Earth |
| Of the following planets, Mercury, Earth, Mars & Jupiter, which is NOT a terrestrial planet? | Jupiter |
| What is the most obvious difference between terrestrial and the Jovian planets? | size |
| Define, nebular theory. | the formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of dust and gases |
| Of the following, terrestrial planets, Jovian planets, galaxies and the sun, which is NOT part of the solar system? | galaxies |
| Of the following, Mars, Venus, Jupiter & Mercury, which shows evidence of water erosion? | Mars |
| Of the following, Mercury, Venus, Mars & Saturn, which has a cratered surface similar to Earth's moon? | Mercury |
| What terrestrial planet has the greatest temperature extremes? | Mercury |
| Which planet has a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere and high surface temperatures? | Venus |
| What planet is second only to the moon in brilliance in the night sky? | Venus |
| What planet has a greater mass than the combined mass of all the remaining planets and their moons? | Jupiter |
| What is Jupiter's Great Red Spot believed to be? | a cyclonic storm |
| What are the layers of the Earth? | the crust, the upper mantle, the lower mantle, the outer core and the inner core |
| Where is the inner core? | it is in the center of the Earth |
| Where is the outer core? | the outer is located around the inner core and below the lower mantle of the Earth |
| Where is the lower mantle? | it is located between the outer core and the upper mantle of the Earth |
| Where is the upper mantle? | it is located above the lower mantle and below the crust of the Earth |
| Where is the crust? | it is the outside layer of the Earth |
| What does a meter describe? | length |
| What does a liter describe? | volume |
| What does a kilogram or Kg describe? | weight |
| What does a second describe? | time |
| What does a candela describe? | light |
| What does Kelvin describe? | temperature |
| What does an ampere describe? | voltage |
| What does a mole describe? | concentration |
Created by:
masonteach
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