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Science: Cells

QuestionAnswer
Robert Hooke looked at cork and said that there were empty boxes that reminded him of the cells that monks lived in so they are called cells.
the three steps of the cell theory all organisms are made up of one or more cells; cells are the basic unit of life, structure, and function of organisms; all cells come from other cells
Matthias Schlieiden studied plants and said that they were made of cells
Theodor Schwann studied animals and said that animals were made up of cells
Rudolph Virchow joined Schlieiden and Schwann; said that new cells form as older cells divide
the two basic kinds of cells prokaryotic and eukaryotic
prokaryotic cells have no nucleus; hereditary material (DNA) floats throughout the cytoplasm; ex: bacteria
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane; ex: plant and animal cells
what is different between an animal cell and a plant cell? plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplast
cell membrane forms around the outer boundary of the cell; allows materials to pass in and out of the cell; ex: food water and waste materials
nucleus largest organelle; controls cell activities separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane; contains chromatin
nuclear membrane forms the outer boundary of the nucleus; allows materials to pass in and out of the nucleus
chromatin made-up of proteins and DNA; contains the heredity material of the cell; forms chromosomes during cell division
cytoplasm gel-like material inside the cell; the "space filler" of the cell; contains all the cells organelles; contains large amounts of water; constantly moves
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transport system of the cell; runs from nucleus to cell membrane; moves materials throughout the cell
ribosomes found along ER and throughout the cytoplasm; makes ER seem "rough;" produces proteins for cell activities
Golgi bodies secreting organelles of the cell; package proteins and move them to the cell membrane where they are removed from the cell
Mitochondria cell energy is made here; food molecules are broken down and energy is released; sometimes called the "powerhouse" of the cell; very active cells (ex: muscle cells) have MANY mitochondria; the surface is folded to increase surface area and increase energy
vacuoles storage units of the cell; can store food, water, materials, and wastes; is like the "garage" of the cell
cell wall surrounds the outside of the plant cell and supports and protects the plant cell; also give the cell its shape; made of cellulose
chloroplasts contains chlorophyll which traps the sun's energy; photosynthesis take place here
bacterial cells have no nucleus
how cells differ shape, function, and size
one celled organisms perform all life functions by themselves
many celled organisms special kinds of cells performs special functions; groups of like-cells form tissues; groups of like tissues form organs, organs do a particular job; groups of organs working together to do certain jobs are organ systems; organ systems work together to ke
Created by: rhs0214
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