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Chapter 7:1 A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another name for osteoprogenitor cells? | stem cells |
| Where are they located? | Endosteum, Periosteum, and Central Canal |
| What do osteoblasts synthesize? | Organic matter |
| What do osteoblasts mature into? | Osteocytes |
| Where do Osteoblasts live? | Lacunae |
| What do Osteoblasts control? | Blood concentration of Calcium and Phosphate |
| What do Osteoblasts sense on bones? | Stress |
| Where do Osteoblasts develop? | Red bone marrow |
| What is an Osteoid? | Semi- solid ground substance |
| Are Osteoclasts small or large? | Large |
| How many nuclei can Osteoclasts contain? | Up to 50 nuclei |
| What does organic matter allow for? | Tensile strength |
| How much of the matrix is organic matter? | 1/3 |
| What is organic matter synthesized by? | Osteoblasts |
| What makes up organic matter? | GAGS, proteoglycans, and collagen |
| How much of the matrix is inorganic matter? | 2/3 |
| What does inorganic matter allow for? | Compressional strength |
| What does organic matter provide? | Flexibility |
| Without enough inorganic matter, what happens? | Bones become soft, Rickets (Calcium and Vit. D deficiency) |
| Without enough organic matter, what happens? | Bones become brittle, Osteogenisus Imperfecta |
| What do osteoblasts secrete? | Osteoids |
| During bone matrix formation, what deposits into the bone matrix? | Hydroxyapatite Crystals |
| What ions precipitate out? | Calcium and Phosphate |
| What do the crystals form around? | Collagen fibers |
| What are the basic nutrients of bone matrix? | Vit D, Vit C, Calcium, Phosphate, Collagen/Protein |
| During bone reabsorption, what releases into the extracellular space next to bone? | Enzymes |
| Where are proteolytic enzymes released from? | Lysosomes |
| What do the proteolytic enzymes digest? | Collagen fibers |
| What does HCl dissolve? | mineral parts |
| What frees up and enters the blood? | Calcium and Phosphate |
| Where in spongy bones/long bones is bone marrow? | Trabeculae |
| Where is red marrow located? | Skull, Pelvis, Vertebrae, Sternum, Ribs |
| What is an autologus bone marrow transplant? | Self-Transplant |
| What is inorganic matter composed of? | Calcium, Phosphate Salt |
| What does inorganic matter provide? | Strength |
| What is an allogenic bone marrow transplant? | Transplant with someone else |