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Earth Chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A _________ is a constructive force | Volcano |
| Scientists who study earth | goelogists |
| Material that forms earth's hard surface | rock |
| Features formed in rock {Ex. plateau, canyon, mountian, desert, etc.} | landform |
| Earth's surface changes its appearence due to ____ and ______. | constrctive and destructive forces |
| Building up {Ex. volcanos build mountains and islands} | constructive forces |
| Wearing down, erosion {Ex. wind, water, and waves | destructive forces |
| The earth's radius at the equator is ____ kilometers | 6,000 |
| Scientists use _____ to study earth's interior | indirect methods |
| Scientists study ____________ to understand what the interior is made of {solid or liquid} | seismic wave paths |
| As you go deeper into the earth, _____ and _______ increase | pressure and temperature |
| 3 main layers of the earth | crust, mantle, core |
| Outer layer of rock, ranges 5-40 km. thick. Thinnest under the ocean floor, thickest under mountains | crust |
| 2 kinds of crust | contiental and oceanic crust |
| land that we see | continental crust |
| under the oceans, holds the water | oceanic crust |
| The type of rock that makes up the oceanic crust | basalt |
| The type of rock that makes up the continental crust | granite |
| Below the crust is the ____. The upper part of the _____ is rigid, solid | mantle |
| The crust and the solid part of the mantle | lithosphere |
| Greek meaning "stone" | lithos |
| Rigid, hard rock | lithosphere |
| The mantle has____ sections | 2 |
| Under the lithosphere is the _________ | asthenosphere |
| The rock in the asthensophere becomes heated due to intense _____ and ______ | heat and pressure |
| Heated rock begins to _______ | soften |
| Greek word meaning "weak" | asthenes |
| This rock is ___ like plastic | flexible |
| The ________ {and its broken pieces} float on top of this hot, soft rock | lithosphere |
| Earth's core consists of ___ parts | 2 |
| A layer of molten rock | outer core |
| A dense ball of solid meatal | inner core |
| The inner and outer cores are just slightly smaller than the ______ | moon |
| Early mapmakers noticed that the ________ of continent appeared to fit together like pieces of a jig-saw puzzle | coastlines |
| German scientist who formed a hypothesis that states: All the continents had once been joined together in a sinlge landmass and have since drifted apart | Alfred Wegener |
| He named his super continent _______ | Pangaea |
| Means all lands | Pangaea |
| Pangaea existed about ______ years ago | 3 million |
| The world is _____ years old | 4.6 billion |
| What is the name of Wgener's theory | Continental Drift |
| Mountain ranges on one continent that matches up with a mountain range on another continent | land forms |
| Scientists have discovered _____ of plants and animals that once lived together in one place | fossils |
| According to Wegener earth's ____ has not changed. Scientists have discovered tropical fossils in polar regions and glacial scars in tropical regions | climate change |
| Continents drift ____ directions | 3 |
| When drifting continents colide, their edges crumple and fold, slowly pushing up huge chunks of rock to form great mountains | converging {convergent} continents |
| crust that pulls apart in oppisite directions causing a split that reaches to the mantle where molten material flows to the surface | diverging {divergent} continents |
| Most of divergent areas are ______ | under water |
| When ______ reaches cold ocean water it hardens quickly | magma |
| Each time magma comes to the surface _____ grow higher and ______ is pushed aside | mountains, old rock |
| Circles through the oceans like the seams on a baseball | mid-ocean ridge |
| Explored the mid-ocean ridge and determined that the force of magma coming from the vent could cause enough force to create the continental drift | Harry Hess |
| uses ehoes of sound waves | sonar |
| the vally created by 2 diverging plates where magma comes up | rift |
| area in Africa where 2 diverging plates split Africa and created the Red Sea | Great Rift Vally |
| longest chain of mountains in the world-mostly underwater, only a few places rise above the water's surface | mid-ocean ridge |
| the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean is called the _____ | Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| the mid-ocean ridge in the Pacific Ocean is called the _________ | East Pacific Rise |
| process of magma rising from rift at the mid-ocean ridge creating tall mountains but new magma{new rock} pushes old rock toward the coast lines push the continents along with it. This idea gave evidence of the power or force that causes continential drift | sea floor spreading |
| _______ is a submersible {research vessel} | Alvin |
| Alvin photographed the ______ | mid-ocean ridge |
| sliding past each other | transform |
| the ________ fault is transform | San Andreas |
| the earth's surface is constantly being _______ | recycled |
| as magma rises from mid-ocean ridge, oceanic crust is being pushed back into the mantle at another place called a ________ | trench |
| the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle | subduction |
| at deep-ocean trenches, ________ allows part of the ocean floor to sink back into the mantle, over tens of mllions of years | subduction |
Created by:
Breezy26
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