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Bacteria and Viruses
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Conjugation | Form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotic cell attach to each other and exchange genetic material. |
Capsid | Outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus. |
Nucleoid | Area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome. |
Virus | Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter cellular function. |
Endospore | Dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods of time during extreme environmental conditions |
Prion | Protein that can cause infection or disease. |
Lytic Cycle | Viral replication process in which the virus destroys the host cell. |
Binary Fission | Asexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells. |
Lysogenic Cycle | Viral replication process in which the virus does NOT destroy the host cell. |
Retrovirus | RNA virus, such as HIV, with reverse transcriptase in its core. |
Pilus | Hair-like, submicroscopic structure made of protein that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a bridge between cells. |
1. They are not cellular 2. They cannot make proteins. 3. They cannot use energy. 4. They cannot reproduce independently. | How do we know viruses are NOT alive? |
Because they are active inside living cells. | If viruses are not alive then why are they apart of biology which is the study of life? |
A protein coat and a nucleic acid core. | What does a typical virus consists of? |
Through endocytosis across the cell membrane. | How does an animal virus enter its host cell? |
They differ in their response to different antibiotics. | Why is it important to distinguish between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria? |
They contain a single, circular chromosome. | How would you describe the chromosome of a bacterial cell? |
Membrane bound organelles. | What do bacterial cells NOT have the eukaryotic cells DO? |
A cell wall and a cell membrane. | What two structures surround a bacterial cell? |
A cell wall and a cell membrane. | How do we classify bacteria? |
By their methods of obtaining energy. | How do we classify bacteria? |
Pathogen | An organism that causes disease in another living organism. |
Archaebacteria | Domain that contains prokaryotes that thrive in harsh environments where nothing else can live. |
Eubacteria | Domain that contains the bacteria we are most familiar with. |
Coccus | The name that refers to round or spherical bacteria. |
Bacillus | The name that refers to rod shaped bacteria. |
Spirillum | The name that refers to spiral shaped bacteria. |
Germ Theory | The theory that states microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. |
Binary Fission | The process by which bacteria multiply in numbers. |
Conjugation | The process by which bacteria increase genetic diversity. (swap DNA) |
Antibiotics | The medications used to treat bacterial infections. |