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Bacteria and Viruses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Conjugation | Form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotic cell attach to each other and exchange genetic material. |
| Capsid | Outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus. |
| Nucleoid | Area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome. |
| Virus | Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter cellular function. |
| Endospore | Dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods of time during extreme environmental conditions |
| Prion | Protein that can cause infection or disease. |
| Lytic Cycle | Viral replication process in which the virus destroys the host cell. |
| Binary Fission | Asexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells. |
| Lysogenic Cycle | Viral replication process in which the virus does NOT destroy the host cell. |
| Retrovirus | RNA virus, such as HIV, with reverse transcriptase in its core. |
| Pilus | Hair-like, submicroscopic structure made of protein that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a bridge between cells. |
| 1. They are not cellular 2. They cannot make proteins. 3. They cannot use energy. 4. They cannot reproduce independently. | How do we know viruses are NOT alive? |
| Because they are active inside living cells. | If viruses are not alive then why are they apart of biology which is the study of life? |
| A protein coat and a nucleic acid core. | What does a typical virus consists of? |
| Through endocytosis across the cell membrane. | How does an animal virus enter its host cell? |
| They differ in their response to different antibiotics. | Why is it important to distinguish between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria? |
| They contain a single, circular chromosome. | How would you describe the chromosome of a bacterial cell? |
| Membrane bound organelles. | What do bacterial cells NOT have the eukaryotic cells DO? |
| A cell wall and a cell membrane. | What two structures surround a bacterial cell? |
| A cell wall and a cell membrane. | How do we classify bacteria? |
| By their methods of obtaining energy. | How do we classify bacteria? |
| Pathogen | An organism that causes disease in another living organism. |
| Archaebacteria | Domain that contains prokaryotes that thrive in harsh environments where nothing else can live. |
| Eubacteria | Domain that contains the bacteria we are most familiar with. |
| Coccus | The name that refers to round or spherical bacteria. |
| Bacillus | The name that refers to rod shaped bacteria. |
| Spirillum | The name that refers to spiral shaped bacteria. |
| Germ Theory | The theory that states microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. |
| Binary Fission | The process by which bacteria multiply in numbers. |
| Conjugation | The process by which bacteria increase genetic diversity. (swap DNA) |
| Antibiotics | The medications used to treat bacterial infections. |
Created by:
jphokie05