Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
USMLE Rapid Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Budd-Chiari syndrome | Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly |
| Familial hypercholesterolemia | Achilles tendon xanthoma |
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome | Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC |
| ACL injury | Anterior “drawer sign” |
| Marfan syndrome | Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints |
| 2° to erythropoietin injection | Athlete with polycythemia |
| Pott disease | Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
| Sarcoidosis | Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta | Blue sclera |
| Burton line | Bluish line on gingiva |
| Paget disease of bone | Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis |
| Aortic regurgitation | Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | “Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female |
| Neurofibromatosis type I | Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) |
| McCune-Albright syndrome | Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | Calf pseudohypertrophy |
| Tay-Sachs | “Cherry-red spots” on macula |
| Angina | Chest pain on exertion |
| Dressler syndrome | Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI |
| Gowers sign | Child uses arms to stand up from squat |
| “Slapped cheeks” | Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body |
| Huntington disease | Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration |
| McArdle disease | Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria |
| Hypothyroidism | Cold intolerance |
| Internuclear ophthalmoplegia | Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia |
| PDA | Continuous “machine-like” heart murmur |
| Myxedema | Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition |
| Kaposi sarcoma | Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS |
| Kussmaul respirations | Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation |
| Pellagra | Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
| Wet beriberi | Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition |
| Pasteurella multocida | Dog or cat bite resulting in infection |
| Sjögren syndrome | Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis |
| Plummer-Vinson syndrome | Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia |
| Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints |
| Virchow node | Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node |
| Mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome | Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells |
| Chvostek sign | Facial muscle spasm upon tapping |
| Cholelithiasis | Fat, female, forty, and fertile |
| Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction | Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis |
| Measles | Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash |
| B symptoms of lymphoma | Fever, night sweats, weight loss |
| Peyronie disease | Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis |
| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome | Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy |
| Kayser-Fleischer rings | Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea |
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands |
| Gaucher disease | Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms |
| Alport syndrome | Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts |
| Klüver-Bucy syndrome | Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility |
| UMN damage | Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present |
| LMN damage | Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations |
| “Blue bloater” (chronic bronchitis) | Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia |
| Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) | Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia |
| Niemann-Pick disease | Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration |
| Cori disease or Von Gierke disease | Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly |
| Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) | Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect |
| Courvoisier sign | Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder |
| Lyme disease: Borrelia | Large rash with bull’s-eye appearance |
| Epidural hematoma | Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury |
| Bruton disease | Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells |
| Glanzmann thrombasthenia | Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
| Beck triad of cardiac tamponade | Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension |
| Gardner syndrome | Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth |
| Pompe disease | Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance |
| Erb-Duchenne palsy | Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth |
| Sheehan syndrome | No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance |
| Multiple sclerosis | Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations | Oscillating slow/fast breathing |
| Cold agglutinin disease | Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia |
| Raynaud phenomenon | Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes |
| Osler nodes | Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes |
| Janeway lesions | Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles |
| Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct | Painless jaundice |
| Henoch-Schönlein purpura | Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria |
| MEN 1 | Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors |
| Nephrotic syndrome | Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia |
| “Pink puffer” (emphysema) | Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation |
| Fanconi syndrome | Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets |
| Lichen planus | Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s) |
| Horner syndrome | Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis |
| Argyll Robertson pupil | Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection |
| Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Rash on palms and soles |
| Hyper-IgE syndrome | Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients |
| Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants) | Red “currant jelly” stools |
| Paget disease of the breast | Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs |
| von Hippel-Lindau disease | Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma |
| Parkinson disease | Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability |
| Roth spots | Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers |
| Crigler-Najjar syndrome | Severe jaundice in neonate |
| Rovsing sign | Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ |
| McBurney sign | Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness |
| Fanconi anemia | Short stature, incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia |
| Down syndrome | Single palmar crease |
| Kartagener syndrome | Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility |
| Addison disease | Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue |
| Becker muscular dystrophy | Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys |
| Koplik spots | Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers |
| Condylomata lata (2° syphilis) | Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals |
| Bacterial endocarditis | Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails |
| Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome | “Strawberry tongue” |
| Turner syndrome | Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema |
| Gout/podagra | Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi |
| Scurvy | Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae |
| Osteoarthritis | Swollen, hard, painful finger joints |
| Aortic valve stenosis | Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) |
| MEN 2A | Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma |
| MEN 2B | Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis |
| Babinski sign | Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape |
| Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy/Bell's palsy) | Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead |
| Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27 | Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male |
| Hemangioma | Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) |
| Mallory-Weiss syndrome | Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations |
| Whipple disease | Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | “Worst headache of my life” |
| Scleroderma (CREST) | Anticentromere antibodies |
| Pemphigus vulgaris | Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
| Goodpasture syndrome | Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies |
| Drug-induced SLE | Antihistone antibodies |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Anti-IgG antibodies |
| 1° biliary cirrhosis | Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) |
| Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome | Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) |
| SLE (type III hypersensitivity) | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) |
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | Antiplatelet antibodies |
| Diffuse systemic scleroderma | Anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
| Celiac disease | Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies |
| Colorectal cancer | “Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray |
| Auer rods | Azurophilic peroxidase granular inclusions in granulocytesand myeloblasts |
| Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) | Bacitracin response |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | “Bamboo spine” on x-ray |
| Howell-Jolly bodies | Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs |
| Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia | Basophilic stippling of RBCs |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Bloody tap on LP |
| Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH | “Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray |
| Actinomyces israelii | Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules |
| Pancoast tumor | Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging |
| Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica | “Brown” tumor of bone |
| Chagas disease | Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy |
| Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis | Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule |
| Endometriosis | “Chocolate cyst” of ovary |
| Homer-Wright rosettes | Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
| Cystic fibrosis | Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs |
| Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality | Decrease in AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
| Tabes dorsalis | Degeneration of dorsal column nerves |
| Parkinson disease | Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra |
| Curschmann spirals | Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
| Call-Exner bodies | Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
| Koilocytes | Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia |
| “Owl eye” appearance of CMV | Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies |
| “Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei | Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei |
| Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease) | Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell |
| Lewy body (Parkinson disease) | Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
| Councilman body | Eosinophilic globule in liver |
| Negri bodies of rabies | Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells |
| Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease) | Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain |
| Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma) | Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”) |
| Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) | Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
| β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia | “Hair on end” (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray |
| Choriocarcinoma, | hCG elevated |
| Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) | Heart nodules (granulomatous) |
| Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) | Heterophile antibodies |
| Bronchial asthma | Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions |
| DVT, PE, DIC | High level of d-dimers |
| Ghon complex | Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify) |
| Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis | “Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT |
| Trousseau syndrome | Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis) |
| Megaloblastic anemia | Hypersegmented neutrophils |
| Conn syndrome | Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis |
| Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia | Hypochromic, microcytic anemia |
| Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects) | Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
| Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics | Increased uric acid levels |
| Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV) | Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies |
| Ferruginous bodies | Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy |
| Chédiak-Higashi disease | Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency |
| Ulcerative colitis | “Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray |
| Goodpasture syndrome | Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane |
| Wilson disease | Low serum ceruloplasmin |
| Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis | “Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
| Multiple myeloma | Lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on x-ray |
| Fibrocystic change of the breast | Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst |
| Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA) - Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance - (MGUS consequence of aging) - Waldenström (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia - Primary amyloidosis | Monoclonal antibody spike |
| “Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma) | Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus |
| “String sign” (Crohn disease) | Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray |
| Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA and Goodpasture syndrome | Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
| Gout | Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
| Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules | Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
| Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus (No SRES) | Novobiocin response |
| Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure | “Nutmeg” appearance of liver |
| Ewing sarcoma | “Onion skin” periosteal reaction |
| Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci ( OVRPS) | Optochin response |
| Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) | Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area |
| Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) | Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy |
| Eburnation | Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion |
| Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease) | Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein |
| Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary | Psammoma bodies |
| Glioblastoma multiforme | Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy |
| Acute glomerulonephritis | RBC casts in urine |
| Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) | Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells |
| Acute toxic/viral renal injury | Renal epithelial casts in urine |
| Pseudogout | Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent |
| Coarctation of the aorta | Rib notching |
| Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma | Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS |
| Burkitt lymphoma | Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body–laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology) |
| Pick bodies: Pick disease: | Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons |
| Giant cell tumor of bone | “Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray |
| Membranous glomerulonephritis | “Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits |
| Rouleaux formation | Stacks of RBCs |
| “Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis) | Stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
| Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) | “Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells |
| Lines of Zahn | Thrombi made of white/red layers |
| Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae) | “Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray |
| Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis | Thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | “Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy |
| Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) | Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
| Chronic end-stage renal disease | “Waxy” casts with very low urine flow |
| Acute pyelonephritis | WBC casts in urine |
| CLL (almost always B cell) | WBCs that look “smudged” |
| Lupus nephropathy | “Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy |
| Xanthochromia | Yellowish CSF |
Created by:
hadarbah
Popular USMLE sets