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Anatomy CH9
Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood Transports: | Gases, Nutrients, Hormones, Waste |
| 5 functions of blood: | Transportation, Regulation of pH and ion composition, Restriction of fluid loss, Defense against Toxins and Pathogens, Stabilization of Body Temp |
| Plasma is: | A fluid Connective Tissue |
| Formed Elements: | Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets |
| Erythrocytes: Function: | Transport oxygen |
| Leukocytes Function: | Body's defense mechanism |
| Platelets Function: | Clotting |
| Plasma Composition: | 46-63% blood |
| Types of Plasma Proteins: | Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Regulatory Proteins |
| Percent of Plasma Proteins: | 7% |
| Percent of Albumins: | 60% |
| Function of Albumins: | Osmotic Pressure |
| Percent of Globulins: | 35% |
| Function of Globulins: | Transports ions, hormones |
| Function Fibrinogen: | Clotting |
| Percent of Fibrinogen: | 4% |
| Percent of Regulatory Proteins: | 1% |
| Function of Regulatory Proteins: | Enzymes, hormones |
| Percent of Other Plasma Solutes: | 1% |
| Types of other solutes: | Electrolytes, Organic Nutrients, Organic Wastes |
| Function of Electrolytes: | Vital Cellular Activities |
| Function of Organic Nutrients: | ATP production |
| Function of Organic Wastes: | Carried to sites for excretions |
| Water makes up ___% of plasma | 92% |
| Function of water in plasma: | Transportation |
| Average adult has how many RBC in the body? | 25 trillion |
| RBC make how what perfect of formed elements? | 99.9% |
| Hemoglobin is responsible for: | binding oxygen and carbon dioxide together |
| Hematocrit is: | the percent of whole blood contributed by formed elements |
| Male Hematocrit: | Range 40-54 |
| Female Hematocrit: | Range 37-47 |
| Why the difference in male and female hematocrit? | androgens (male hormones) stimulate RBC production and estrogens do not. |
| What can cause hematocrit to decrease or increase? | Internal bleeding, RBC formation, dehydrations |
| What is the shape of RBC? | Disc Shape |
| 3 important functions of RBC shapes | 1. Large surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide to exchange 2. Form stacks to get through small blood vessels, 3. Bend and flex |
| Why venipuncture? | 1. Easy to locate 2. Walls of veins are thinner 3. Quick healing wound |
| How long do RBCs last? | 4 months approx. |
| How many new RBC enter the bloodstream each second? | 3 million |
| What percent of RBC get replaced each day? | 1% of the 25 trillion |
| New RBC are produced in...? | Red Bone Marrow or Myeloid (Marrow) Tissue |
| Tissue Located in what bones? | Vertebra, Sternum, Ribs, Skull, Scapulae, Pelvis, Proximal limb bones |
| Yellow bone marrow can convert to what to increase RBC production? | Red Bone Marrow |
| RBC formation takes how long from beginning to end? | 7-10 days |
| Antigens are: | substances that are usually foreign to the body that can trigger and immune response |
| Does the body recognize surface antigens? | Yes |
| Type A Blood has: | Surface antigens A and Antigen B |
| Type B Blood has: | Surface antigen B and Antigen A |
| Type AB blood has: | Both surface antigens A and B but NO antigens for A or B |
| Type O has: | Neither surface antigens A or B, but both antigens A and B |
| Rh positive indicates: | presence of Rh surface antigen |
| Rh Negative indicates: | absence of the Rh surface antigen |
| 46% of Americans have this blood type? | O |
| 40% of Americans have which blood type? | A |
| 10% of Americans have which blood? | B |
| 4% of Americans have which blood type? | AB |
| Function of White Blood Cells: | Help fight against invasion, help remove toxins and waste, Remove abnormal or damaged cells |
| Two General Types of WBC (not 5 specific kinds) | Granular and Agranular |
| What WBC go under "Granular"? | Neutrophils, eosinophil, and basophil |
| What WBC go under "Agranular"? | Monocytes and lymphocytes |
| What percent of WBC is Neutrophil? | 50-70% |
| Neutrophil is very mobile, meaning: | they are usually first to arrive of n injury |
| What life span does Neutrophil have? | 10 hour life span: could be 30 minutes if actively engulfing debris |
| How many bacteria can neutrophil engulf? | 2 dozen |
| What percent WBC is Eosinophil? | 2-4% |
| Eosinophil is most effective against.. | multicellular parasites, such as flukes or roundworms that are too big to engulf. |
| Eosinophil release.. | enzymes that reduce the degree of inflammation brought on by such parasites |
| Basophil is what percent of WBC? | Less than 1% (Very Rare) |
| Basophil release.. | chemicals that bring additional eosinophil an other basophil |
| Monocytes percent of WBC? | 2-8% |
| How long do Monocytes live? | 24 hour life span |
| What does the chemical released by monocytes attract? | Stimulates neutrophils, additional monocytes, and other phagocytic cells. |
| Lymphocytes are what percent of WBC? | 20-30% |
| What are the three types of Lymphocytes? | T cells, B cells, and Natural killer cells |
| Where are WBC reproduced? | Bone marrow and lymphoid tissue |
| Function of Platelets: | Clotting |
| Platelets life span: | 9-12 days |
| Platelets are reproduced: | In bone marrow |
Created by:
hollyprevou
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