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Mrs. Kotschwar Band
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Syncopation | Placing an accent on a usually un-accented beat |
| Tempo | Speed of a piece of music |
| Staccato | Very short, detached |
| Legato | Smooth and connected |
| Andante | Moderated walking tempo |
| Score | Written or printed form of a song in which the instrumental or vocal parts appear on separate staves vertically arranged on large pages |
| Accelerando | Gradually speed up |
| Accent | Emphasis on one note or chord |
| Articulation | Markings that indicate how the note is played |
| Enharmonic | Notes that are the same in pitch but different names |
| Adagio | Slow tempo |
| Sharp | A tone which is 1/2 step higher than written |
| Bass | This instrument plays the lowest notes in an ensemble |
| Cut Time | 2 beats in a measure |
| Bar lines | Lines through the music to indicate measure |
| Common Time | A musical meter marked by four beats per measure with the quarter note receiving a single beat |
| Question/Answer Call & Response | A succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different musicians, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or response to the first |
| Flat | A tone which is 1/2 step lower than written |
| Rubato | Free tempo determined by player |
| Time Signature | Meter indicated at the beginning of a piece of music |
| Polyphonic | Consists of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody |
| a Tempo | Indicating to return to original tempo |
| Harmony | Chordal structure of a song |
| Rallentando | Is a gradual decrease in speed similar to a that of a ritardando |
| Vivace | Very quick, upbeat tempo; “lively.” |
| Interval | The distance in pitch between two tones |
| Intonation | Singing or playing in tune |
| Treble Clef | The highest part of a choral composition |
| Bass Clef | The lowest part of a choral composition |
| Key signature | Sharps or flats appearing at the beginning of a piece |
| Largo | Very slow tempo |
| Ledger lines | Short lines above and below the staff |
| Staff | Five horizontal lines music is written on |
| Monophonic | A musical texture with just one voice, monophony |
| Marcato | Short and accented |
| Forte | Loud Dynamics |
| Major Key | Songs in a happy sounding mode |
| Minor Key | Songs in a sad sounding mode |
| Rest | Beat without sound |
| Double bar line | A symbol used to start and end a musical piece |
| Allegro | lively, cheerful, or brisk tempo |
| Measure | The distance between two bar lines |
| Melody | Organization of pitches or the part of the song you can sing |
| Solo | A section of a piece played or sung by a single performer |
| Moderato | Medium tempo |
| Homophonic | A texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords |
| Balance | Refers to the strength of the various sections and the extent to which one or more of these sections tend to dominate the band as a whole |
| Modulation | Change of key |
| Tie | A tie is a curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch, indicating to play as a single note with a duration equal to the sum of the individual notes' values |
| Unison | When everyone sings the exact same pitch at the same time |
| Form | The way the sections of a piece of music are put together |
| Texture | Combined layers of sounds |
| Upbeat | An unaccented beat or beats that occur before the first beat of a measure. Also called anacrusis, pickup. The upward stroke made by a conductor to indicate the beat that leads into a new measure |
| Sforzando | Make a strong, sudden accent on a note or chord, suddenly with force |
| Natural | note that is neither sharp or flat |
| Mezzo Piano | Medium Soft |
| Fortissimo | Very Loud |
| Decrescendo | To gradually get softer |
| Crescendo | To gradually get louder |
| Mezzo Forte | Medium Loud |
| Subito Piano | Suddenly Soft |
| Ostinato | A phrase that is repeated throughout a composition |
| Meter | Pulse or beat of music in time |
| Pianissimo | Very soft |
| Phrase | A division of the musical line, like a sentence |
| Piano | Soft dynamics |
| Duet | Two Performers |
| Trio | Three performers |
| Quartet | Four performers |
| Chord | Three or more pitches played together |
| Timbre | Tone Color |
| Pitch | Location of a musical sound in the tonal scale |
| Tenuto | Hold the note in question its full length |
| Triplet | Note that receives 3 notes in the space of two |
| Presto | Very fast |
| Quarter note | A note receiving one beat |
| Half note | A note receiving two beats |
| Whole note | A note receiving 4 counts |
| Eighth note | A note receiving a half of a count |
| Dynamics | Relative loudness |
| Fermata | Pause of unspecified length on a note or rest |
| Slur | Indicating that the notes are to be played without separation, i.e. with legato articulation |
| Repeat | Repeat what is between the two signs with double bars and two dots |
| Accidental | Is a note of a pitch that is not a member of the indicated key signature |
| Beat | The pulse of music |
| Ritardando | Gradually slowing in tempo |
| Round | Performing a piece where different groups start at different times |
| Rhythm | Organization of sounds and silences |
| Downbeat | The downward movement that a conductor makes to the first beat of a measure of music |
| Scale | Tonal material of music arranged in an order of rising and declining pitches |