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Cell Structure Vocab

SLS14 Bio12 Cell Structure (ZG)

TermDefinition
Cell Membrane the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
Cell wall a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
Chloroplast (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Chromatin Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Chromozone a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Cristae each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane.
Cytoplasm the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
Golgi bodies a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Lysosome an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Matrix an environment or material in which something develops; a surrounding medium or structure.
Mitochondria an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).
Nuclear envolope A nuclear membrane, also known as the nucleolemma or karyotheca,is the phospho lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.
Nuclear pore he nuclear pore is a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm and surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
Nucleolus a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
Nucleus a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
Organelle any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
Polysome a cluster of ribosomes held together by a strand of messenger RNA that each ribosome is translating.
Ribosome Ribosomes are ancient molecular machines that are responsible for production of protein in all living cells. They are large (2.5 MD molecular weight or larger) macromolecular complexes composed of RNA (2/3) and protein (1/3).
Rough endoplasmic reticulum Rough ER is found throughout the cell but the density is higher near the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus. (PROTEINS)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, or smooth ER, is an organelle found in both animal cells and plant cells. An organelle is a sub-unit within a cell that has a specialized function. (LIPIDS)
vacuole a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
vesicle In cell biology, a vesicle is a small structure within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
Created by: gauvreau
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