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science CH 1
layers, tectonics, weathering, erosion , deposition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What gases make up the earth's atmosphere? | nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, small amounts of water vapor and some other gases |
| how much of the earth's surface is covered by the hydrosphere | about three-quarters |
| How is the lithosphere part of the hydrosphere | solids from the lithosphere, including rocks, soil, and minerals, can be found in oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water |
| which of the earth's layers is a mountain part of | lithosphere |
| what part of earth seen from space surrounds the earth | atmosphere |
| what part of earth is its water supply | hydrosphere |
| what layer is thin under the oceans and thick under the continents | crust |
| what layer of earth has a solid, rigid, upper part | mantle |
| what layer of earth is made of iron and nickel | the core |
| what part of earth includes the continents | lithosphere |
| describe travel from the earth's center to outer space | leave the earth's core to the partly solid bottom of the mantle. the outer part of the mantle is hard and rigid. This is followed by the rigid crust. The crust and upper mantle form the lithosphere. Next is the hydrosphere and then the atmosphere. |
| what does the theory of plate tectonics state | the earth's surface is broken into plates that move |
| what kinds of crust do the earth's plates include | some plates only ocean crust; most include both continental and ocean crust |
| how does a plate move | when the cooled mantle below is moves sideways, dragging the floating plate along with it |
| where do most earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur on the earth | in areas near plate boundaries |
| How do volcanoes form islands | when an underwater volcano erupts, the molten rock cools and forms a crust. In time, the crust builds up to form a mountain that rises above the surface of the ocean. The top of this mountain is an island |
| how are volcanic mountains formed | midocean crust pushes an ocean plate toward a continental plate. gravity pulls the ocean plate under the continental plate and into the mantle. Friction and earth's heat cause part of ocean plate to melt. The molten rock rises as a volcanic eruption. |
| how do seafloor mountains form | two plates under the ocean move apart, molten mantle rises between the plates. new ocean crust is formed. |
| why does an ocean plate sink when it collides with a continental plate | gravity pulls the heavier ocean plate under the lighter continental plate |
| what did geographers of the 1500's notice | some continents seemed to fit together like a puzzle |
| what did the scientists discover when they mapped the edges of the continents | that they fit together |
| what do scientists believe the surface of the earth is broken into | huge, slowly moving plates |
| what makes the plates move | the rising mantle |
| what is formed when two plates collide pushing up layers of rock | mountains |
| what is formed when one plate is pushed under another plate and melting rock erupts | volcano |
| name the process that breaks down and changes rock | weathering |
| What is the process that changes the size and shape of rock | physical weathering |
| what process changes what rock is made of | chemical weathering |
| what process moves weathered rock and soil | erosion |
| what is the main cause of erosion | moving water |
| what kind of erosion causes the soil to blow away | wind erosion |
| what is the process of dropping eroded materials | deposition |
| land formed by a rivers deposition of eroded soil is called a | delta |
| a mound formed on land by the wind's deposition is called | a dune |
| during what process do rocks change | the rock cycle |
| what type of rock is formed when melted mantle hardens | igneous rock |
| On what layer of the earth do people build homes | lithosphere |
| What type of rock is changed by heat or pressure | metamorphic |
| in layers of undisturbed rock, the oldest rocks are located where | on the bottom |
| the remains of organisms that lived long ago may form | fossils |
| the theory that says the earth's surface is made up of about 20 moving pieces is called | plate tectonics |
| What is between the crust and the core | the mantle |
| the outer part of the lithosphere is the | crust |
| what can be caused by plate movement | mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes |
| the breaking down of rock happens during the process of | weathering |
| solid materials cemented together form what kind of rock | sedimentary |
| igneous or sedimentary rock changed by heat or pressure | metamorphic rock |
| a scientific guess or idea is called a | hypothesis |
| what would you find if you took a journey to the center of the earth | a core of solid, very hot metals |
Created by:
ddolan
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