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Garden Study Guide
plants
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Plants need 5 things | water, sun, good soil, air, & room to grow |
| Leaves-job | make food & breath |
| Roots-job | suck up water |
| stem-job | hold up; transport water & food up and down |
| flowers-job | reproduction |
| fruit-job | contains seeds |
| seeds-job | material for starting a new plant |
| life cycle of a plant | seed, sprout, adult plant, flower, fruit |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants use sunlight, air, and water to make sugar, which plants use for food |
| respiration cycle shared with humans | humans inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide; plants inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen |
| 2 major parts of soil | (1) biotic (organic) material and (2) abiotic (in organic) material |
| Organic material in soil | --once lived --humus--dead & rotting plants and animals; --decomposer poo; --biotic --helps plants get nutrients and retain water |
| inorganic part of soil | --never lived --rocks & minerals --pebbles, sand, silt, clay |
| Garden food chain | --when we pick veggies, we remove plant material that would have decomposed --add fertilizer, manure, or compost to repair soil |
| to start compost | soil, water, air, space/room, brown leaves, green or veggie scraps, heat |
| 6 parts of a plant | leaves, roots, stem, flowers, fruit, seeds |
| Food Chain--Definition | --Food chains describe who eats whom in the wild --a food chain follows one possible path as animals find food |
| Example of a food chain | sun--leaf--caterpiller-bird--fox--worm |
| 3 categories of organisms in a food chain | producers, consumers, and decomposers |
| Producers | organisms that make their own food; example-- plants |
| Consumers | organisms that must consume (eat) their food for energy |
| Three types of consumers | herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores |
| Herbivores | animals that eat only plants |
| Ominvores | animals that eat both plants and animals |
| Decomposers | organisms that break down organic material (like rotting plants & animals), into inorganic material; Examples--bacteria and fungi |
| Why are decomposers important? | they return nutrients to the soil |
| scavengers | animals that eat dead animals or plants or both |
| predator | animals that hunt live animals |
| prey | an animal hunted for food |
| biotic part of soil | --organic matter (was once alive_ --decomposer poo (worms) |
| abiotic part of soil | --inorganic matter (was never alive_ --rock/sediment |
| carnivores | animals that eat only other animals |
| organic | composed of living or once living material |
| humus | material formed from rotting plants and animals |
| compost | combine veggie & fruit scraps, coffee grinds, eggshells to create a perfect environment for decomposers |
| common carnivores | spiders, lions, sharks, coyote, foxes |
| common decomposers | flies, worms, ants, fungus, beetles |
| common scavengers | seagulls, vultures, hyenas |
| common herbivores | cattle, deer, rabbits, squirrels |
| common omnivores | humans, monkeys, bears |
| benefits of biotic materials (poop) in soil | (1) provides nutrients that plants need (2) holds water |
| benefit of abiotic materials (rocks/sediment) in soil | --gives mineral "vitamins" to plants (roots) --Rocks big to small: pebbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay |
Created by:
depalmaval
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