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NYS ES Topic 4

Motions of Earth, Moon & Sun

TermDefinition
Axis of rotation a planet spins on this straight line, which goes through its north and south poles
constellation a group of stars that form a pattern and are used to help people located celestial objects
Coriolis effect the tendency of particles moving at Earth’s surface to deflect (curve) away from a straight line. Deflects to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.
Eclipse the shape of all planetary objects; a closed curve around 2 foci, shaped like an oval.
Foucault pendulum a freely swinging pendulum that moves in a predictable way, providing evidence of Earth’s rotation
Geocentric model Earth centered model. Everything orbits around the Earth.
Heliocentric model Sun centered model. Earth orbits around the sun and the moon orbits the Earth.
Local time time based on Earth’s rotation as reflected in motions of the sun in the sky
Phases of the moon the varying of the visible portion of the moon, as seen from Earth
tides cyclic rise and fall of ocean water on Earth, caused by gravitational attraction of the moon.
Time zone 24 north-south area time zones that vary by 15 degrees and keep a standard time in that area.
June 21 Summer solstice; day with longest amount of sunlight in the northern hemisphere
December 21 Winter solstice; day with shortest amount of sunlight in the northern hemisphere
Equinoxes occur in March and September; 12 hours of sunlight and 12 hours of darkness
Solar noon occurs daily when the sun is in its highest position in the sky
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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