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OPT Fungal
Term | Definition |
---|---|
candidiasis | most common oral infection caused by {Candida albicans} |
1. compromised immune system 2. altered oral microenvironment 3. virulent strain of C. albicans | candidiasis infection precipitated by: |
pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) | most common form of candidiasis; white plaques like curdled milk can be rubbed off |
erythematous pattern | presentation of erythematous plaques; includes acute atrophic candidiasis, median rhomboid glossitis and angular cheilitis |
acute atrophic candidiasis | multiple red plaques after longterm antibiotic use |
median rhomboid glossitis | single lesion on mid-dorsum of tongue with papillary atrophy |
angular cheilitis | erythema, fissuring and scaling at corners of mouth |
cheilocandidiasis | caused by chronic lip licking |
chronic atrophic candidiasis | forms on denture-bearing areas due to constant wear; usually due to a dirty denture {denture stomatitis} |
chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (candidal leukoplakia) | adherent white plaque that does not rub off; candida repopulates leukoplakia and increases epithelial dysplasia on biopsy |
mucocutaneous candidiasis | more severe form of candidiasis from endocrine disturbances (APECED); increased risk of oral cancer |
1. nystatin 2. clotrimazole 3. ketoconazole | 3 treatments for candidiasis: |
histoplasmosis | most common deep fungal infection caused by {Histoplasma capsulatum}, a dimorphic fungus |
acute form of histoplasmosis | self-limiting in healthy people, flu-like symptoms for 2 weeks and hilar lymph node calcification |
chronic form of histoplasmosis | in lungs of older patients and resembles TB |
disseminated form of histoplasmosis | least common form in immunocompromised, extends from lungs into oral cavity |
blastomycosis | self-limiting disease restricted to lungs caused by {Blastomyces dermatitides} |
paracoccidioidomycosis | deep fungal infection caused by {Paracoccidioides brasiliensis} in South America |
coccidioidomycosis | deep fungal infection caused by {Coccidioides immitis} in American Southwest |
erythema multiforme | hypersensitivity reaction of a skin rash or nodules; combined with coccidioidomycosis is called 'valley fever' |
chronic progressive pulmonary form | rare form of coccidioidomycosis; in immunocompromised patients and causes lesions on face |
cryptococcosis | uncommon deep fungal infection caused by {Cryptococcus neoformans}; presents in AIDS patients |
mucormycosis | caused by several harmless fungi in decaying organic material, especially in insulin-dependent diabetics |
invasive fungal sinusitis | necrosis from fungal invasion of small vessels due to fungal affinity for iron; localized invasive infection of maxillary sinus |
aspergillosis | opportunistic fungal disease caused by {Aspergillus flavus/fumigatus}, sometimes nosocomial |
allergic fungal sinusitis | an allergy affecting the maxillary sinus in healthy patients |
fungus ball/mycetoma/aspergilloma | non-invasive accumulation of aspergillus in maxillary sinus; called an {antrolith} if becomes calcified |
disseminated aspergillosis | aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients; TB-like symptoms |
toxoplasmosis | caused by protozoal organism {Toxoplasma gondii} from cats; detrimental for immunocompromised and developing fetus |
congenital toxoplasmosis | organism crosses placental barrier and causes blindness, CNS and motor impairment in fetus |
leishmaniasis | protozoa transmitted by the sandfly |
cutaneous leishmaniasis | most common form 3-6 weeks after bite; forms crater-like lesions |
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis | most destructive form of diffuse involvement; ulcers, nodules, and perforation of nasal septum |
visceral (kala azar) | development of grayish skin, hepatosplenomegaly, fever and weight loss |