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bio ch 9 words
biology ch9 vocab words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetic code | the "language" of the genes in which the nucleotide sequence of DNA (in triplets, or codons) specifies the amino acid sequences of proteins |
| anticodon | three-nucleotide sequence in a transfer-RNA molecule that is complementary to, and base pairs with, a specific codon in messenger RNA |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage |
| codon | the basic unit of the genetic code; a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in DNA or messenger RNA that encodes an amino acid |
| exocytosis | the release of macromolecules from a cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane (85) exon: a segment of DNA that is transcribed into RNA and translated into protein, specifying the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide |
| hormone | a substance, secreted by cells or glands, that regulates the activities of cells and organs elsewhere in the body; a chemical messenger |
| intron | a segment of DNA that is transcribed into precursor messenger RNA; removed before the mRNA leaves the nucleus |
| lysogenic | referring to a bacteriophage that infects a bacterium, inserts its DNA into the host's DNA, and replicates with the host |
| lytic | referring to a virus that infects and destroys (lyses) susceptible cells |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | the RNA complementary to one strand of DNA; transcribed from genes and translated by ribosomes into protein |
| ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | a class of RNA molecules that combine with certain proteins to form ribosomes |
| RNA polymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes the assembly of an RNA molecule |
| signal sequence | the directions for the transport of proteins to different parts of the cell; provided by the first few amino acids synthesized on the ribosomes |
| splicing | the process that joins portions of the primary RNA transcript (exons) after the introns are removed; the joining of two pieces of DNA |
| transcription | the enzyme-catalyzed assembly of an RNA molecule complementary to a strand of DNA; the product may be messenger RNA, transfer RNA, or ribosomal RNA |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | class of small RNA molecules with two functional sites—one for attachment of a specific amino acid, the other carrying the nucleotide triplet (anticodon) for that amino acid; each type of tRNA transfers a specific amino acid to growing polypeptide chain |
| translation | the assembly of a protein on ribosomes, using messenger RNA to direct the order of amino acids |
| virus | a nonliving, infectious particle of nucleic acid, protein, and sometimes, lipid membrane that can replicate only inside a living cell |
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CassTrav
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