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10th Grade Science

Earth Science - Earth's Motion

QuestionAnswer
Celestial Object An object in outer space (ex. comet, star)
When viewed from Earth, celestial objects follow a couple of patterns
When viewed from Earth, celestial objects appear to move from East to West when the Earth actually rotates West to East
When viewed from Earth, celestial objects appear to move at a of 15° per hour (360 degree circle/24 hours a day)
When viewed from Earth, celestial objects appear to move in an arc
When viewed from Earth, star appear to circle Polaris (North Star)
Polaris North Star
-Appears to be a fixed point -Doesn't move in the sky like all other stars -Only celestial object that appears to not move when viewed from Earth Polaris
Polaris altitude = your latitude
Ursa Major Big Dipper
Ursa Minor Little Dipper
How do you find polaris at night using Constellations? By following the edge of the ladle of the Big Dipper up to the end of the handle of the little dipper.
Altitude Angle from the Horizon
What is the range of altitude? Altitude ranges from 0° on the horizon to 90° than back to 0°
How do you find polaris at night using Latitude? Polaris altitude (angle from the horizon) will match the latitude that you are on the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth.
Sun Paths are about how the sun travels across the sky
When viewed from Earth, the sun travels in an arc
When viewed from the Earth, the sun's path across the sky changes appearance based on -time of year (Day, Season) and Latitude
When viewed from the Earth, the sun travels across the sky at 15° per hour
The sun rises in the Eastern Horizon
The sun sets in the Western Horizon
In New York, the sun rises in the NE and sets in the NW during Spring and Summer
In New York, the sun rises in the SE and sets in the SW during Fall and Winter
In New York the sunrise is Due East and the sunset is Due West on March 21 and September 23
When the sun is at its highest point in the sky. Noon Sun
Equator (imaginary latitude line) 0°
Tropic of Cancer (imaginary latitude line) 23.5° N
Tropic of Capricorn (imaginary latitude line) 23.5° S
In NY, the noon sun will always be in the southern portion of the sky because the sun's direct light (90°) is never over NY
The sun travels from 23.5 N to 23.5 S during the year
The altitude of the noon sun changes with the seasons
The noon sun is at its highest on June 21st (Summer Solstice)
The noon sun is at its lowest on December 21st (Winter Solstice)
The height of the noon sun's altitude determines the length of the path and the amount of daylight we receive
The day in which we receive the most amount of sunlight and the longest path for the sun occurs on June 21st (Summer Solstice)
The day in which we receive the least amount of sunlight and the shortest path for the sun occurs on December 21st (Winter Solstice)
Have medium altitude, medium path length, and equal number of hours of daylight and nighttime. Equinoxes
Equinoxes occur on March 21st and September 23rd
The imaginary point directly above the observer Zenith
-Ptolemy - 150AD -Stars, suns, planets revolve around Earth once per day -Explained how things looked in the sky Geocentric Model
-Copernicus - 1500s -Sun is in the center -Earth and planets revolve around the sun -Stars are so far away they appear not to move -Earth rotates once per day from West to East Heliocentric Model
Moon revolves around the Earth Both Geocentric and Heliocentric Models
Does NOT accurately predict the future positions of planets and stars. Also does NOT explain terrestrial observations of Foucault's Pendulum and Coriolis effect. Geocentric Model
Can predict future positions of planets and stars and does explain terrestrial phenomena. Heliocentric Model
The Earth rotates around its center point which is called an Axis
An imaginary line that goes right through the poles of the Earth the Earth's Axis
The period of rotation for the Earth is one complete spin which is 360° 0n 24 hours
360° divided by 24 hours = 15° per hour which means Every part of the Earth will rotate at 15° per hour
The rate (speed) of rotation of a particular location depends on the latitude
Created by: pieronek
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